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302 Notes

12 ACNielsen, 2006.
13 Ibid.
14 “Swiss lead the GCC banking boom,” www.ameinfo.com/
48503.html (last accessed May 16, 2007).

CHAPTER 1
1 Roger Adelson, London and the Invention of the Middle East (New
Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1995).
2 “White House Broader Middle East and North Africa Initiative,”
White House Factsheet, November 6, 2003.
3 CIA World Factbook, 2007.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid.
10 “Country Report: Algeria,” Economist Intelligence Unit, December
2006.
11 IMF World Economic Outlook Database, September 2006.
12 HSBC Gulf Economic Outlook, December 2006.
13 Ibid.
14 Kuwait and Bahrain ratified in 1981; the others ratified in 1982.
15 J. E. Peterson, “The GCC and Regional Security,” The Gulf
Cooperation Council, John A. Sandwick, ed. (Colorado: Westview
Press, 1987), 171.
16 Since its formation, no new states have been admitted to the GCC.
Yemen, in centuries past the Gulf’s leading civilization but now an
economic laggard, is seeking negotiations and hopes to join by 2016.
Its relatively low standard of living poses major challenges in
making Yemen “fit” within the GCC, much like the tensions that
exist between new Eastern European members of the EU and the
wealthy nations of Western Europe.
17 GCC Charter, 1981.
18 “Country Report: Bahrain,” Economist Intelligence Unit, December
2006.