Page 754 - Dust Explosions in the Process Industries

index 707

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), laboratory tests, 499-504
391,498 predictions, 424-426
Differentialthermal analysis (DTA), 498, 614 U.S. Bureau of Mines furnace, 502-503
Dispersibility,200-201, 480-485 pressure of, initial, 47-50
Dispersion prevention of explosible, 67-73
behind shock wave, 587 addition of inert dust, 67-69,73.619-620
mushroom design, 522,523 addition of noncombustibledust, 620-621
Donat vent sizing method, 434 hazardous mass, minimum, 621-622
Doors, hinged explosion, 90,91 limitation of dust concentration,69-73,621
Drag coefficient, viscous, 215,216,228 research, 619-622
Drag on a particle, 215-218 propagation of large-amplitudepressure waves
Drag velocity, 224, 229 in, 221
Drop hammer tests, 513-5 15 safe gap, experimental, 346-351
Dryers, protection selection, 70, 128, 131 sensitivity to ignition from mechanicdi impact
Drying process, 264-265 industrial, 5 15-5 16
Duct flow devices. explosion isolation, laboratory tests, 516-518
77-8 1 sound speed in, 219-220
Ducts, detonation experimentsin, 367-369 temperature,initial, 44-46
Dust accumulation,removal of, 112-113 tests at other than normal atmospheric
Dust chemistry, 25-29 conditions, 540
Dust clouds, 25-56 turbulence defining, 584-585
blast waves generated by burning, 583, 586, Dust concentration,3636,234239
609-6 IO controlling, 69-73
characterizing structures, 584-585 explosible, 7-1 0, 303-3 18
detonation experiments,367-370,607-608 laboratory tests, 519-525
detonation theories, 370-373 maximum, 35,312-313
detonations, 367-373 minimum, 35,304-311,316,317,518-525
electric spark ignition energy, 508-513 problem, 303-304
experimentalgeneration of, 239-246 theories, 314-318
background, 239-240 keeping outside explosible range, 69-73
in closed circulation system, 244 measurement of. 71
in open circuit system, 244-24.6 Dust control
by short air blast, 240-243 by addition of liquids, 113, 114-116
explosibility,4 by vacuum removal, 112-1 13
industrial, 557-558,613 Dust deposits/layers,ignition of
structure of problem, 200-202 attraction forces between particles, 202-206
factors influencing ignition sensitivity and constant heat flux ignition source in, 391-392
explosion violence of, 4 on hot surface at constant temperature, 391
flame propagation processes in, 583 industrial, 493
formalion of, 199,200,583 laboratory tests, 493-498
generation, 199-250, 583-587 smolderingcombustion, 393-394
hybrid mixtures with, 50-55 Dust dispersionldiffusion
ignitability,4 degree of, 32-34
by hot surfaces, 423426 mechanisms for, 242-243
industria!, 557-558 pressure, 53,54
processes, 583 in turbulent gas flow, 234-239
research on, 592-595 Dust explosions
industrial processes generation of, 584 aspects of, 583
inerting by inert dust, 55-56 case histories, 641-643
initial pressure effects, 47-50, 540 definition,1-2
maximum experiment safe gap, 346-351 generating for research, 239-246
minimum ignition energy, 415416, 505-508, nature of. See Nature of dust explosions
571-572 preventing and mitigating, 57-120,610-636
minimum ignition temperatures,499-504 research on, status and outstandingproblems
BAM furnace, 501-502 in, 582-610
Godbert-Greenwald furnace, 499-501 statisticalrecords, 20-25
industrial, 499 in Federal Republic of Germany, 22-25