Page 756 - Dust Explosions in the Process Industries

Index 709

powder mechanical properties, 485 Extinguishing agents, 106, 108-109. See also
prevention, 619-622 Suppression systems, automatic
relationship between test result and real hazard, water, 64
475477 injection of, 80
test data tables. See also K,, values
BIA, 681-685,686-701
testing problems, 636-641 Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC)
U.S. Bureau ofMines, 495,505, 685, lift-off apparatus,483,484
702-703 settling velocity apparatus, 482,483,484
Explosion(s) Failure Modes and EffectsAnalysis (MEA), 124
accidental, legislation for, 635-636 Fault Tree Analysis, 124-125
case histories, 641-643 Federal Republic of Germany dust explosions
definitions?1-2, 303 (1965-1985), 22-25
primary, 7-10,11,80-81 Feed dust literature survey, 133-134
secondaxy, 7-10 Ferromanganese, 139
Explosion isolation, 73-81, 623-625 Finite element design techniques, 83
by active devices, 75,78-81 Fire extinguishingsystems. See Suppression
background, 73-74 systems, automatic
literature survey, 75 Fish meal
method overviews,published, 75 explosion in Norway (1975), 173-177
objectives, 623 literature survey, 134
by passive devices, 75,77-78 thermal behavior, 403
by rotary locks, 75-76 Flame accelerationexperiments, 352-355,
by screw conveyors, 75-76 601-602
Explosion kinetics, 25,26,27 Flame jet ignition, 73-74,347,595
Explosion pressure, maximum, Flame propagation, 25 1-384
525-533 determininglimits of, 639-640
data, 683,702-703 detonations, 367-373
in hybrid mixtures, 539-540 ignition and combustion of single particles,
industrial, 525 25 1-265
laboratory tests, 526-533 aluminum, 251-253
Explosion pressure, maximum rate of rise carbon and coal, 256-264
(explosion violence), 533-5 36 magnesium, 253-255
further development,535-536 wood, 264-265
industrid, 533-534 zirconium, 255
laboratory tests, 534-535 laminar, 265-3 18
Explosion-pressure-resistantequipment, in closed vessels, 294-303
81-84 coal dusts, 273-277
background, 81-82 in dust clouds, 283-294
confinement by using, full, 622-623 in dust clouds versus premixed gas, 268-
dynamics of explosion load, influence of, 84 270
process unit “explosion strengthh,”82-83 explosible dust concentrations,303-3 18
Explosion prevention and mitigation costs, 122, gaddust mixtures, 283
635 metal dusts, 270
Explosion risks, 467 organic materials, 277-282
screening tests, 488490 in premixed gas, 265-267
“worst-case,”468469 research, 596-599
Explosion suppressio’nsystems. See Suppression stationary burner studies, 270-283
systems, automatic limiting dust cloud compositionsfor, 599-
Explosion thermodynamics,25,26 600
Explosion tube facility, 304-305 in long tubes and pipelines, 604
Explosion venting. See Venting nonlaminar in vertical ducts, 318-325
Explosion violence. See also Explosion pressure, preventing, 74
maximum rate of rise; K,, values processes in dust clouds, 583, 626
data, 683 research, 595-609
moisture content and, 28 tests, 493494
Explosive atmosphere definition,551-552 theories, 283-303.363-367