Page 764 - Dust Explosions in the Process Industries

index 717

prevention of, 59,614-615 Swedish vent sizing method, 433,438
research on, 591-592 Swift venting theory, 464
Smoldering nests, 11-12, 13,23,60,62-64. 131, Systems reliability analysis, 124-125
132
Sodium dithionite experiments, 391
Sound, speed of, 219-220 Tchen theory of diffusion, 237
Spark gap length, 415-416 Temperature, effect of initial, 4446,594
resistance, 405-406 Tensile strength testers, 210-212
Spark ignitioddischarges, 16,404419 Terminal settling velocity, 213-215
accidental impacts and, 421,422423 Test results (for ignitability and explosibility),
background, 404 correlation with real hazards, 475477
duration effect, 407414 Thermal
dust cloud theories, 416419 endurance, 564
electric, 15-20 explosion, 587
hot spots, 420421 runaway, 587
movementhurbulenceof dust clouds, 4 15 Thermal hazards and dust layers, electrical
ohmic resistance, 404406 apparatusenclosures and, 558-560
optimum duration, 412-414 Thermite reaction, 14, 64,421,423,433
preventing electrical, 65-66 Thermogravimetricanalysis (TGA), 614
time effect, 407-4.14 Thee-element flame propagation theory, 299-301
Spark kernel, hot, 409,417 Three-zone area classificationconcept, 553-554
Specific heats data, 220 Three-zone flame propagation theory, 297-298
Specific surface area, 29-32 Titanium experiments,421.422
Spinning riffler, 478479 “Top events,” 124-125
Spontaneouscombustion, 614-6 15 Tramp metal, risks of, 174-175
Spontaneousignition, 24 Turbulence, 36-39
Standards, regulations and guidelines, 141 anisotropic, 326
Statisticalrecords, 20-25 definition,36, 326,584-585
Federal Republic of Germany (1965-1 985), domains of, 326-327
22-25 in dust clouds, 17,36-39
grain explosions in United States, 25 explosion studies, 344-346
recording dust explosions,20-21 flame propagation, 325-367
in United States (1900-1956), 21-22 acceleration,351-363
Stefan-Boltzmannlaw, 261 models, 325-329,363-367
Stokes’theory for laminar flow, 213,215, overview, 330-332
218,237 research, 600-602
Stone dust, inerting effect of. 55 safe gap, maximum experimental,346-35 1
Stored capacitor energy criterion, studies in closed vessels. 322-341
408409 systematic comparative studies, 344-346
Structural response analysis, 83 in unconfined geometries, 341-344
Sugar, literature survey, 134 ignition energy, 415
Suppressant agents, types of, 106, 108-109 inducing, 422
Suppression systems, automatic, 101-109 initial, 37
advance inerting, 106 isotropic, 326,327, 340
design, 106,107-108 mixing effect, 237
efficacy of, 536-538 shear-flow,326
extinguishing agent, 106, 108-109 three-dimensional energy spectrum function,
general concept, 101-105 327,328
literature survey, 103, 104-105 venting and flow-induced,84
local suppression, 106 Turbulence intensity experiment, 457458
research and development,630-633 Turbulent dust explosions in large diameter
self-contained, 102, 103, 104 enclosures, 351-363
solar panels as, 632 Turbulent dust flames, 38,330-332
total suppression, 106 experiments with, 332-341
type influence, 106, 108-109 mathematicalmodels, 604-606
unacceptabilitysituations, 122 Turbulent fluid flow, 326
water as. 631 Turin warehouse explosion, 20, 157-160