Page 115 - Effective Communication Soft Skills Strategies For Success by Nitin Bhatnagar, Mamta Bhatnagar

Project Name: Manual for Soft Skills
ACE Pro India Pvt. Ltd.
\\mtpdy01\Womat\Indesign\Bhatnagar-Manual for Soft skills\06-Pagination\06-A-Finals\06-AA-Appl\Bhatnagar_Chapter 05.indd

Models of Communication | 103

recognizes that this message refers to something other than itself which he
terms as the context. This gives the third point of the triangle whose other
two points are the addresser and the addressee. He further adds two other
factors: one is contact, by which he means the physical channel and psycho-
logical connections between the addresser and the addressee. The final factor
is the code, a shared meaning system by which the message is structured. He
visualizes his model as in Figure 5.18.

Context message
Addresser Addressee
Contact code
Figure 5.18
Jakobson’s Model (1958)

The Constitutive Factors of Communication
Each of these factors determines a different function of language and in each
act of communication we can find a hierarchy of functions. Jakobson produces
an identically structured model to explain the six functions (each function
occupies the same place in the model as the factor to which it refers.) This is
shown in the Figure 5.18 below:

Referential

Emotive Poetic Conative
Phatic
Metalingual

Figure 5.19
Source: Communicology DeVito 1978.

The Functions of Communication

The emotive function: The emotive function describes the relationship of the
message to the addresser. In some messages such as love and poetry this emotive
function is paramount. In others such as news reporting, this is repressed.
The connative function: At the other end of the process is the connative func-
tion. This refers to the effect of the message on the addressee. In commands
or propaganda this function assumes paramount importance.
The referential function: The referential function or the ‘reality orientation’
of the message is clearly of prime priority in objective, factual communication.
This is communication that is concerned to be true or factually accurate.
These three are obvious common sense functions performed in varying
degrees by all acts of communication and they correspond fairly closely to

Bhatnagar_Chapter 05.indd 103 2011-06-23 7:56:11 PM
Modified Date: Thu, Jun 23, 2011 06:22:39 PM Output Date: Thu, Jun 23, 2011 07:56:03 PM
TEMPLATE Page Number: PB