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Models of Communication | 107

sequence every exchange of messages narrows down the number of possible
next moves. In fact, the pragmatic perspective is by far the newest of the four
perspectives of the aspects of human communication and has assumed great
force in the discipline of communication study and its development steers
from the basic studies of Watzlawick, Beavin and Jackson.

Frank Dance Model (1967)

A model that appears relatively simple and says a great deal that is not obvious
about the process of communication is the helical spiral proposed by Dance.
The model presented below emphasizes that communication has no clear
observable beginning and no clear observable end. The spiral continues indefi-
nitely. No communication transaction can be said to have fixed boundaries.
Each transaction is in part a function of previous communication and each
transaction in turn influences future communication. The message becomes
less serious and personality helps more as the helix ascends and widens. ‘At any
and all times it gives geometric testimony.’ It combines the desirable features
of the straight line and of the circle whole avoiding the weakness of either.
The choice of the form was intended to reflect a sense of communication as a
complex and evolutionary process—‘If communication is viewed as a process,
we are forced to adapt our examination and our examining instruments to the
challenge of something in motion while we are in the very act of examining it’.

Figure 5.23
Frank Dance Model (1967)
Source: Toward A Theory of Human Communication,
Frank E.X. Dance, 1967.

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