Page 159 - Electrical Engineering Dictionary

computer organization describes the de- ducing new algorithms/programs which aid
tails of the internal circuitry of the computer the designer in the complex tasks associated
with sufficient detail to completely speci- with designing and building an integrated cir-
fies the operation of the computer hardware. cuit. There are many subfields of electrical
Contrast with computer architecture. CAD: simulation, synthesis, physical design,
testing, packaging, and semiconductor pro-
computer relay a protective relay that cess support.
digitizes the current and/or voltage signals
and uses a microprocessor to condition the computer-aided engineering (CAE)
digitized signal and implement the operating software tools for use by engineers.
logic. See digital relay.
computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
computer simulation a set of computer manufacturing of components and products
programs that allows one to model the im- when based heavily on automation and com-
portant aspects of the behavior of the spe- puter tools. See also computer-integrated
cific system under study. Simulation can aid manufacturing.
the design process by, for example, allowing
one to determine appropriate system design computer-aided software engineering
parameters or aid the analysis process by, for (CASE) a computer application automat-
example, allowing one to estimate the end-to- ing the development of graphic and docu-
end performance of the system under study. mentation of application design.

computer torque control computed computer-integrated manufacturing
torque control is depicted in figure. The feed- (CIM) manufacturing approach that
back controller sends its output through the makes substantial use of computers to control
inverse dynamic model. The feedback con- manufacturing processes across several man-
trol law comprises and independent-joint PD ufacturing cells. See also computer-aided
controller with velocity reference, plus the manufacturing.
desired acceleration. In the figure q d , ˙q d , and
¨ q d denote desired position, velocity, and ac- concatenated code (1) a code that is con-
celeration vectors, respectively. q and ˙q de- structed by a cascade of two or more codes,
note measured generalized position and ve- usually over different field sizes.
locity vectors. Finally, K p and K d are posi- (2) the combination of two or more for-
tive definite constant PD controller matrices. ward error control codes that achieve a level
of performance with less complexity than a
computer vision See robot vision. single coding stage would require. Serially
concatenated coding systems commonly use
computer word data path of a computer two levels of codes, with the inner code being
(the size of virtual addresses); (1) datum con- a convolutional code and the outer code be-
sisting of the number of bits that forms the ing a Reed–Solomon code. Parallel concate-
fundamental registers, etc.; (2) sequence of nated codes improve performance through
bits or characters that is stored, addressed, parallel encoding and iterative serial decod-
transmitted, and operated as a unit within a ing techniques. See also turbo code.
given computer. Computer words are one to
eight bytes long, but can be longer for special concentration gradient a difference in
applications. carrier concentration.

computer-aided design (CAD) field of concentric resonator usually a symmet-
electrical engineering concerned with pro- riclaserresonatorinwhichthemirrorspacing

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2000 by CRC Press LLC