Page 38 - Electrical Engineering Dictionary

remaining layers are elementary logic gates, the new pattern is added to that prototype’s
usually AND and OR gates. Each linear cluster and the prototype is adjusted so as
threshold unit is trained to fit input data in to move closer to the new input. If no pro-
those regions of the input space where it is totype is acceptable, the pattern becomes a
active (i.e., where it contributes to the overall new prototype around which a new cluster
network function). may develop.

adaptive manipulator controller a con- adaptive vector quantization term that
troller that uses an adaptation process which, refers to methods for vector quantization that
based on observation of the manipulator po- are designed to adaptively track changes in
sition and velocity, readjusts the parameters the input signal.
in the nonlinear model until the errors dis-
appear. An adaptive manipulator controller ADC See analog-to-digital converter.
is depicted in the figure below. Such a sys-
tem would learn its own dynamic properties. ADCPM See adaptive differential pulse
The adaptive manipulator control scheme code modulation.

add instruction a machine instruction
that causes two numeric operands to be added
together. Theoperandsmaybefrommachine
registers, memory, or from the instruction it-
self, and the result may be placed in a ma-
chine register or in memory.

adder a logic circuit used for adding bi-
nary numbers.
Adaptive manipulator control scheme.
additive acousto-optic processing
acousto-optic signal processing where the
presented in the figure belongs to the joint
summation of acousto-optic modulated light
space control schemes. See also joint space
waves is used to implement the signal pro-
control.
cessing operation.
adaptive predictor a digital filter whose additive polarity polarity designation of
coefficients can be varied, according to some a transformer in which terminals of the same
error minimization algorithm, such that it can polarity on the low- and high-voltage coils
predict the value of a signal say N sampling are physically adjacent to each other on the
time intervals into the future. The adaptive transformer casing. With additive polarity, a
predictor is useful in many interference can- short between two adjacent terminals results
cellation applications. in the sum of the two coil voltages appearing
between the remaining terminals. Additive
adaptive resonance theory (ART) network polarity is generally used for transformers up
A clustering network developed to allow the to 500kVA and 34.5kV. Larger units use sub-
learning of new information without destroy- tractive polarity. See the diagram below. See
ing what has already been learnt. Each clus- also subtractive polarity.
ter is represented by a prototype and learning
is achieved by comparing a new input pat- additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN)
tern with each prototype. If a prototype is the simplest form of channel degradation in
found that is acceptably close to that input, a communication system in which the source

c
2000 by CRC Press LLC