Page 44 - Electrical Engineering Dictionary

an iterative algorithm for solving a set of lin-
ear equations. A set of linear constraints is
specified. In each iteration one constraint is
applied to a linear equation. The constraints
are repeated in a cyclic fashion until conver-
gence is reached. The linear constraints are
vectors in a vector space with specified basis
images for the type of problem to be solved.

algorithm (1) a systematic and precise,
step-by-step procedure (such as a recipe, a
program, or set of programs) for solving a
certain kind of problem or accomplishing a
Plot of generated voltage vs. field current at con- task, for instance converting a particular kind
stant machine speed. of input data to a particular kind of output
data, or controlling a machine tool. An algo-
voltage that would be obtained without satu- rithm can be executed by a machine.
ration.
(2) in image processing, algorithms can be
air-gap voltage the internal voltage of a either sequential, parallel, or ordered. In se-
synchronous machine that is generated by the quential algorithms, pixels are scanned and
air gap flux. Also referred to as the voltage processed in a particular raster-scan order.
behind leakage reactance. As a given pixel is processed, all previously
scanned pixels have updated (processed) val-
airline a precision coaxial transmission ues, while all pixels not yet scanned have old
line with air dielectric used in a variety of (unprocessed) values. The algorithm’s result
calibration techniques and measurements as will in general depend on the order of scan-
an impedance standard and to establish a ref- ning.
erence plane.
In a parallel algorithm, each pixel is pro-
cessed independently of any changes in the
airy disk the central portion of the far-
others, and its new value is written in a new
field optical diffraction pattern.
image, such that the algorithm’s result does
not depend on the order of pixel processing.
AlAs aluminum arsenide.
In an ordered algorithm, pixels are put in
albedo the ratio between the total scat-
an ordered queue, where priority depends on
tered intensity and the whole extracted from
some value attached to each pixel. At each
the incident light by scattering and absorp-
time step, the first pixel in the queue is taken
tion.
out of it and processed, leading to a possi-
ble modification of priority of pixels in the
ALC See automatic level control.
queue. By default, an algorithm is usually
considered as parallel, unless stated other-
AlGaAs symbol for aluminum gallium
wise.
arsenide.
algebraic reconstruction the process of algorithmic state machine (ASM) a se-
reconstructing an image x from a noise- quential logic circuit whose design is directly
corrupted and blurred image y. An arbitrary specified by the algorithm for the task the ma-
image is selected as the initial condition of chine is to accomplish.

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2000 by CRC Press LLC