Page 89 - Electrical Engineering Dictionary

“on”). The set of pixels having value 1 (“on”) binary symmetric channel the binary-
is called the figure or foreground, while the input, binary-output symmetric channel,
set of pixels having value 0 (“off”) is called where the channel noise and other distur-
the background. bances cause statistically independent errors
in the transmitted binary sequence with aver-
binary image coding compression of age probability. The channel is memoryless.
two-level (black/white) images, typically
documents. Bilevel coding is usually loss- binary tree recursively defined as a set of
less and exploits spatial homogeneity by run- nodes (n 1 ,...n k ) one of which is designated
length, relative address, quadtree, or chain the root and the remaining k − 1 nodes form
coding. Also called bilevel image coding. at most two sub-trees.

binary notation See binary. binary tree predictive coding predictive
image coding scheme in which pixels are
binary operator any mathematical op- ordered in a pyramid of increasingly dense
erator that requires two data elements with meshes. The sparsest mesh consists of sub-
which to perform the operation. Addition samples of the original image on a widely
and Logical-AND are examples of binary spaced square lattice; succeeding meshes
operators; in contrast, negative signs and consist of the pixels at the centers of the
Logical-NOT are examples of unary opera- squares (or diamonds) formed by all preced-
tors. ing meshes. Each mesh has twice the num-
ber of pixels as its predecessor. Pixel val-
binary optics optical filters constructed ues are predicted by non-linear adaptive in-
with only two amplitude or two phase val- terpolation from surrounding points in pre-
ues to perform the functions of bulk optical ceding meshes. The prediction errors, or dif-
components such as lenses. ferences, are quantized, ordered into a binary
tree to provide efficient coding of zeros, and
are then entropy coded.
binary phase frequency modulation
converting signals from a binary-digit pat-
tern [pulse form] to a continuous wave form. binaural attribute psychoacoustic ef-
FM is superseded by MFM (modified fre- fects (e.g., cocktail-party effect) that depend
quency modulation) is an encoding method on the fact that we have two ears.
used in floppy disk drives and older hard
drives. A competing scheme, known as RLL binocular imaging the formation of two
(run length limited), produces faster data ac- images of a scene from two different po-
cess speeds and can increase a disk’s storage sitions so that binocular vision can be per-
capacity by up to 50 percent. MFM is super- formed, in a similar manner to the way hu-
seded by RLL, which is used on most newer mans deploy two eyes.
hard drives.
binocular vision the use of two images
binary phase grating a diffraction grat- of a scene, taken (often simultaneously) from
ing where alternating grating lines that alter two different positions, to estimate depth of
◦
the optical phase by 180 more than neigh- various point features, once correspondences
boring lines. between pairs of image features have been
established.
binary signal a signal that can only have
two values: off and on, low and high, or zero binomial coefficients the coefficients of
and one. the polynomial resulting from the expansion

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2000 by CRC Press LLC