Page 7 - Electrical Properties of Materials

vi Contents

4 The hydrogen atom and the periodic table
4.1 The hydrogen atom 53
4.2 Quantum numbers 58
4.3 Electron spin and Pauli’s exclusion principle 59
4.4 The periodic table 59
Exercises 64

5 Bonds

5.1 Introduction 66
5.2 General mechanical properties of bonds 67
5.3 Bond types 69
5.3.1 Ionic bonds 69
5.3.2 Metallic bonds 70
5.3.3 The covalent bond 70
5.3.4 The van der Waals bond 73
5.3.5 Mixed bonds 74
5.3.6 Carbon again 74
5.4 Feynman’s coupled mode approach 75
5.5 Nuclear forces 80
5.6 The hydrogen molecule 81
5.7 An analogy 82
Exercises 82

6 The free electron theory of metals

6.1 Free electrons 84
6.2 The density of states and the Fermi–Dirac distribution 85
6.3 The specific heat of electrons 88
6.4 The work function 89
6.5 Thermionic emission 89
6.6 The Schottky effect 92
6.7 Field emission 95
6.8 The field-emission microscope 95
6.9 The photoelectric effect 97
6.10 Quartz–halogen lamps 97
6.11 The junction between two metals 98
Exercises 99

7 The band theory of solids
7.1 Introduction 101
7.2 The Kronig–Penney model 102
7.3 The Ziman model 106
7.4 The Feynman model 109