Page 10 - Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering 3rd Edition

xii Contents

Questions and Problems 511
Journal Critique Problems 530
CD-ROM Material 530
Supplementary Reading 532

9 UNSTEADY-STATE NONISOTHERMAL REACTOR DESIGN 534

9.1 The General Equation 534
9.2 Unsteady Operation of CSTRs and Semibatch Reactors 535
9.2.1 Batch Reactors 537
9.2.2 Adiabatic Operation of a Batch Reactor 537
9.2.3 Transient CSTR, Batch, and Semibatch Reactors
with Heat Exchanger-Ambient Temperature Not
Spatially Uniform 548
9.3 Approach to the Steady State 553
9.4 Control of Chemical Reactors 558
9.4.1 Falling Ofthe Steady State 558
9.4.2 Adding a Controller to a CSTR 561
9.5 Nonisothermal Multiple Reactions 566
9.6 Unsteady Operation of PIug-Flow Reactors 570
Summary 571
Questions and Problems 572
CD-ROM Material 579
Supplementary Reading 579

10 CATALYSIS AND CATALYTIC REACTORS 581

10.1 Catalysts 581
IO. I. 1 Dejinitions 582
IO. 1.2 Catalyst Properties 583
10.2 Steps in a Catalytic Reaction 591
10.2.1 Adsorption Isotherms 594
10.2.2 Surface Reaction 599
10.2.3 Desorption 601
10.2.4 The Rate-Limiting Step 601
10.3 Synthesizing a Rate Law, Mechanism,
and Rate-Limiting Step 603
10.3.1 Is the Adsorption of Cumene Rate-Limiting ? 606
10.3.2 Is the Surface Reaction Rate-Limiting? 609
10.3.3 Is the Desorption of Benzene Rate-Limiting? 610
10.3.4 Summary of the Cumene Decomposition 612
10.3.5 Rate Laws Derived from the Pseudo-Steady-State
Hypothesis 616
10.4 Design of Reactors for Gas-Solid Reactions 619
10.4.1 Basic Guidelines 619
10.4.2 The Design Equations 619