Page 413 - Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering Ebook

384 Nonelementary Reaction Kinetics Chap. 7

Chymotrypsin
Figure 7-10' Enzyme Chymotrypsin. [From Biochemistry, 3W by Stryer Q 1988
by Lubert Stryer. Used with permission of W. H. Freeman and Company.]

http://expas y. hcuge.ch/sprot/enzyme. html
http://www. wcslc.edu/pers~pages/w-pool/chem35O/chap6/
These sites also give information about enzymatic reactions in general.
Most enzymes are named in terms of the reactions they catalyze. It is a
customary practice to add the suffix -use to a major part of the name of the
substrate on which the enzyme acts. For example, the enzyme that catalyzes
the decomposition of urea is urease and the enzyme that attacks tyrosine is
tyrosinase.
There are three major types of enzyme reactions:

I. Soluble enzyme-insoluble substrate
Qpes of enzyme
reactions 11. Insoluble enzyme-soluble substrate
111. Soluble enzyme-soluble substrate

An example of a type I reaction is the use of enzymes such as proteases
or amylases in laundry detergents; however, this enzyme reaction has caused
some controversy in relation to water pollution. Once in solution, the soluble
enzyme may digest (i.e., break down) an insoluble substrate such as a blood stain.
A major research effort is currently being directed at type I1 reactions.
By attaching active enzyme groups to solid surfaces, continuous processing
units similar to the packed catalytic bed reactor discussed in Chapter 10 can be
developed.