Page 77 - Academic Press Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology 3rd Chemical Engineering

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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN002E-49 May 17, 2001 20:13

Batch Processing

Narses Barona
Ethyl Corporation

I. Design and Operation
II. Discontinuous Processing
III. Batch Processing
IV. Batch Processing Plants
V. Economics of Batch Operations
VI. Optimization
VII. Simulation
VIII. Analysis
IX. Safety
X. Materials

GLOSSARY trix elements lie in bands parallel to the diagonal and
the other matrix elements are null.
Batch cycle Period of time ruling the manufacturing op- Modeling Procedure underlying the design and use of
eration of a single product. models to predict the characteristics of a system.
Block cycle Period of time ruling the manufacture of the Optimization Design methodology by which the cost of
various products made in a multiproduct plant; the sum making a chemical is minimized by reducing capital
of the batch cycles of the various products. and operating costs.
Break-even Point of the revenue versus production level Reactor Pressure vessel for heating and mixing chemi-
chart where the total product cost equals the total cals and changing their chemical composition.
income. Scaleup Increase in size of a chemical unit (for example,
Fatigue Manifestation of a cumulative process leading to a reactor), expecting the large unit to behave like the
progressive fracture of a material subjected to cyclic small unit.
loading. Scheduling Setting up a production plan for the manu-
Integrator Algorithm used for the numerical solution of facture of one or more chemicals.
b
the problem Ydx between the limits a and b. Simulation Developmentanduseofcomputermodelsfor
a
Jacobian Matrix of the partial derivatives of the rates of the study of dynamic systems.
the model variables with respect to the variables. Stiff Refers to a problem defined by a set of ordinary
Jacobian banded The Jacobian is banded when the ma- differential equations. The Jacobian of the set contains

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