Page 3 - Academic Press Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology 3rd Organic Chemistry

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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN001F-4 May 25, 2001 16:2

Acetylene

Robert J. Tedeschi
Tedeschi and Associates, Inc.

I. Introduction VIII. Processes for Acetylene Production
II. Acetylene and Commodity Chemicals IX. Chemistry of Specialty Products
III. Production of Acetylene and Commodity X. Vinyl Ethers
Chemicals XI. Flavor and Fragrance Compounds and Vitamins
IV. Acetylene-Based Processes for Large-Volume A and E
Chemicals XII. Acetylenic Pesticides
V. Important Chemical Uses for Acetylene XIII. Acetylenic Reactions with Research and
VI. Reppe Products Commercial Potential
VII. Specialty Acetylenics and Derivatives XIV. Acetylene Research in Russia

GLOSSARY Carbonylation Reaction of acetylene with carbon
monoxide and alcohols to form acrylate esters; Reppe
Acetylenic Pertaining to organic compounds containing process.
a triple bond ( C C ) or acetylene group in the Commodity chemicals Large-volume, multitonnage
molecule. chemicals, some of which are derived from acetylene.
Adjuvant Acetylenic diol used with pesticides to en- Ethynylation Reaction of acetylene with aldehydes and
hance activity, lower the rate of application, and in- ketones to form acetylenic alcohols and diols.
crease safety. Grignard Organomagnesium halide used in acetylenic
Alkynol Primary, secondary, or tertiary acetylenic alco- and other syntheses.
hol with the hydroxyl group generally adjacent or α to Oil-well acidizing Use of acetylenic alcohols (alkynols)
the triple bond. as corrosion inhibitors to protect steel pipe during
Ammoxidation Acrylonitrile manufactured by oxidation acidizing operations undertaken to free oil from lime-
of propylene in the presence of ammonia. stone formations.
Aprotic Pertaining to highly polar solvents such as Pesticides Agricultural chemicals including herbicides,
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphospho- insecticides, miticides, fungicides, and bacterial con-
ramide (HMPA), N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP), and trol agents.
acetonitrile that can hydrogen bond or complex with Reppe products and technology Pioneered by Dr.
acetylene and acetylenic compounds; used to dissolve Walter Reppe of the I. G. Farben; various prod-
and activate acetylene. ucts derived from the reaction of acetylene with

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