Page 47 - Academic Press Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology 3rd BioChemistry

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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN006C-254 June 28, 2001 19:52

Food Colors 119

TABLE V Permanently Listed Colors Exempt from Certification
Colorant Uses a Colorant Uses a
Caramel In foods, generally consistent with GMP Cochineal extract; carmine In foods, generally consistent with GMP
β-Carotene In foods, generally consistent with GMP Dehydrated beets In foods, generally consistent with GMP
Annatto extract In foods, generally consistent with GMP Riboflavin In foods, generally consistent with GMP
Paprika In foods, generally consistent with GMP Carrot oil In foods, generally consistent with GMP

Paprika oleoresin In foods, generally consistent with GMP β-Apo-8 -carotenal In foods, generally not to exceed 25 mg/lb
Turmeric In foods, generally consistent with GMP Titanium dioxide In foods, generally not to exceed 1% by weight
Turmeric oleoresin In foods, generally consistent with GMP Grape skin extract In still and carbonated beverages and alcoholic
beverages
Saffron In foods, generally consistent with GMP Ferrous gluconate For coloring ripe olives, consistent with GMP
Fruit juice In foods, generally consistent with GMP Canthaxanthin In foods, generally not to exceed 30 mg/lb
Vegetable juice In foods, generally consistent with GMP
Toasted, partially In foods, generally consistent with GMP
defatted, cooked
cottonseed flour
a
GMP, Good manufacturing practices.
colorants are subject to certification, while natural organic SOME DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS
and inorganic colors, such as paprika and titanium oxide OF COLOR ADDITIVES
are not. The colorant β-carotene is not subject to certifi-
cation whether it is obtained from a natural source or it is Beatrice Foods Co., 156 W. Grand Ave., Beloit, WI
synthetically produced. 53511
While synthetic food dyes are generally water-soluble, BIOCON Inc., 518 Codell Dr., Lexington, KY 40509
food lakes are water-insoluble. Food lakes are prepared COLORCON Inc., Moyer Blvd., West Point, PA 19486
by precipitating dyes on alumina. These lakes are useful Crompton & Knowles Co., 1595 MacArthur Blvd.,
for coloring water-repelling foods, such as fats and oils, Mahwah, NJ 07430
certain gums, as well as packaging materials, e.g., plastic Hilton-Davis Co., 2235 Langdon Farm Rd., Cincinnati,
films, lacquers and inks, from which soluble dyes would OH 45237
leach out. Listing of a food dye does not necessarily imply H. K. COLOR Group, 155 Helen St., South Plainfield,
listing the corresponding lake. NJ 07080
Polymeric food dyes have been developed that cannot Hoffmann-LaRoche Inc., 304 Kingsland St., Nutley,
pass the gastrointestinal wall and are excreted virtually NJ, 07110
intact in the feces. Toxicity and efficacy tests must be Meer Corp., 9500 Railroad Ave., North Bergen, NJ
completed before FDA approval is granted to these dyes. 07047
In recent years, plant tissue culture techniques have Pylam Products Co., 1001 Stewart Ave., Garden City,
been applied to the production of food colors. Also the NY 11530
pigments of two fungi: Monascus anka and Monascus pur- Sethness Products Co., 2367 W. Logan Blvd., Chicago,
pureus are being considered for use in foods. These fungal IL 60647
pigments have been used as food colors and medicines in Sun Chemical Corp., 441 Tompkins Ave., Staten Island,
the Far East for hundreds of years. NY 10305
The regulations regarding color additives can be found Warner-Jenkinson Co., 2526 Baldwin St., St. Louis,
in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Parts 70–82. MO 63106
Changes in these regulations are published in the “Federal Whittaker, Clark & Daniels Inc., 1000 Coolidge St.,
Register.” Additional information on color additives can South Plainfield, NJ 07080
be obtained from:
SEE ALSO THE FOLLOWING ARTICLES
Food & Drug Administration
Division of Color & Cosmetics BIOPOLYMERS • NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS IN FOODS •
200 C Street. S. W. Washington, DC 20204 POLYMERS,SYNTHESIS