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116  End Procrastination Now!

                      Take this exercise to the level of analysis. The Greek philoso-
                  pher Epicurus once advised weighing the results of an action
                  against its side effects. Behavioral diversions can lead to excuses
                  to get off the hook, strengthening a procrastination habit and lead-
                  ing you to live uncomfortably with an incomplete task. A do-it-now
                  alternative may have side effects of strain from pushing through
                  inertia, but this adds weight to your belief in your self-efficacy.


                  Is Time Management Really an
                  Effective Behavioral Technique?


                  Time management refers to the use of time-saving ideas and man-
                  agement tools to increase efficiency. The approach involves analyz-
                  ing how time is being spent, setting priorities, and planning and
                  scheduling to concentrate on what is most important to do in the
                  present moment. Better time management presumably provides
                  an opportunity to capture added time for production.
                      Is time management a behavioral solution for procrastination?
                  The process may be useful in contributing to the solution for some
                  forms of deadline procrastination. However, time management is
                  typically most useful for those who need the program the least. It
                  also seems to be used to as a technique to squeeze more work out of
                  managers and staff, and that presents a different set of problems.
                      There is another side to the productivity story. Research over
                  the past two decades suggests that higher levels of productivity are
                  obtained more through human resources programs that empha-
                  size self-empowerment, extensive training, and teams that actually
                  work well together. Productivity gains from these improvements
                  exceeded those created by just-in-time, Total Quality Management,
                  and supply-chain partnerships. It’s tempting to conclude that a
                  sense of control over your work is a critical factor in containing
                  procrastination and increasing productivity.
                      In manufacturing settings, productivity is increased by doing
                  more with the available personnel or doing the same amount of
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