Page 355 - Environmental Nanotechnology Applications and Impacts of Nanomaterials

340 Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials

TABLE 9.1 Approximate Packing Densities for a Number of Membrane
Geometries
Approximate
Membrane packing density
2
3
geometry (m /m )
outside-in
membrane skin
Capillary feed 10 5
support
permeate
feed membrane skin
feed
Spiral 10 3
wound

permeate

membrane skin
feed
support
Hollow permeate 10 3
fiber
feed membrane skin
Outside-in
permeate

feed membrane skin
Inside-out support
permeate
concentrate
product water
(permeate)
Flat 5 x 10 2
(plate and frame) membrane
membrane
spacer
feed

permeate
Tubular 10 2
feed