Page 6 - Environmental Nanotechnology Applications and Impacts of Nanomaterials

iv Contents

Surface Physico-Chemical Properties 143
References 152
Chapter 5. Reactive Oxygen Species Generation on Nanoparticulate
Material Michael Hoffmann, Ernest M. Hotze, and Mark R. Wiesner 155
Background 155
Nanoparticulate Semiconductor Particles and ROS Generation 165
Metal Sulfide Surface Chemistry and Free Radical Generation 182
Fullerene Photochemistry and ROS Generation Potential 185
References 201
Chapter 6. Principles and Procedures to Assess Nanomaterial Toxicity
Michael Kovochich,Tian Xia, Jimmy Xu, Joanne I.Yeh,
and André E. Nel 205
Introduction 205
Paradigms for Assessing NM Toxicity 206
Overall Considerations in the Assessment of NM Toxicity 212
Use of Cellular Assays to Study Other Responses that Are Relevant
to NM Toxicity, Including Cellular Uptake and Subcellular Localization 219
Nanosensors: Sensitive Probes for the Biodetection of ROS 221
Nanoelectrodes 223
Online Data Bank 225
Abbreviations 225
Acknowledgements 226
References 226
Chapter 7 Nanoparticle Transport, Aggregation, and Deposition
Jonathan Brant, Jérôme Labille, Jean-Yves Bottero,
and Mark R. Wiesner 231
Introduction 231
Physico-chemical Interactions 232
Aggregation 242
Deposition 257
Nanoparticle Behavior in Heterogeneous Systems 273
Airborne Nanoparticles 285
Summary 288
References 289

Part III Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials
Chapter 8. Nanomaterials for Groundwater Remediation
Gregory V. Lowry 297
Introduction 297
Reactivity, Fate, and Lifetime 300
Delivery and Transport Issues 311
Targeting 324
Summary and Research Needs 330
List of Acronyms and Symbols 331
References 333