Page 7 - Environmental Nanotechnology Applications and Impacts of Nanomaterials

Contents v

Chapter 9 Membrane Processes Mark R. Wiesner,
Andrew R. Barron, and Jérôme Rose 337
Overview of Membrane Processes 338
Transport Principles for Membrane Processes 341
Membrane Fabrication Using Nanomaterials 356
Nanoparticle Membrane Reactors 366
Active Membrane Systems 367
References 367

Chapter 10 Nanomaterials as Adsorbants Mélanie Auffan,
Heather J. Shipley, Sujin Yean, Amy T. Kan, Mason Tomson,
Jérôme Rose, and Jean-Yves Bottero 371
Introduction 371
Adsorption at the Oxide Nanoparticles/Solution Interface 372
Nanomaterial-Based Adsorbents for Water and Wastewater Treatment 377
Concluding Remarks 388
Acknowledgements 389
References 389

Part IV Potential Impacts of Nanomaterials
Chapter 11. Toxicological Impacts of Nanomaterials
Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere and Thierry Orsière 395
Introduction 395
Fullerenes 396
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT) 401
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) 403
Complications in Screening Assays Using Carbon-Based Materials 405
Titanium Dioxides 406
Iron Oxides 412
Cerium Dioxides 420
Copper Nanoparticles 421
Gold Nanoparticles 422
Quantum Dots 424
Exposure and Risk Assessment 431
Environmental Impact 433
Conclusion 434
References 434
Chapter 12. Ecotoxicological Impacts of Nanomaterials
Delina Y. Lyon, Antoine Thill, Jérôme Rose, and Pedro J.J. Alvarez 445
Introduction 445
Why Study the Effects of Nanomaterials on Microorganisms? 447
Methods to Assess Ecotoxicity 448
Bioavailability and Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles 452
Nanomaterial Interaction with Microbial Cell Components 456
Antibacterial Activity of Nanomaterials 459
Biotransformation of Nanomaterials by Microbes 466