Page 13 - Estimator's Piping Man-Hour Manual 5E

INTRODUCTION
Production and Composite Bate

This is the golden key that unlocks the gate to the wealth of process pipe estimating informa­
tion that follows. The most important area to be considered before calculating labor dollars is
productivity efficiency. This is a must if the many man-hour tables that follow are to be cor­
rectly applied. Productivity efficiency in conjunction with the production elements must be con­
sidered for each individual project.
I have found after comparing many projects that production percentages can be classified into
five categories and the production elements can be grouped into six different classifications.
The six different classes of production elements are:

1. General economy
2. Project supervision
3. Labor relations
4. Job conditions
5. Equipment
6. Weather

The five ranges of productivity efficiency percentages are:

Type Percentage Range
1. Very Low 10-40
2. Low 41-60
3. Average 61-80
4. Very Good 81-90
5. Excellent 91-100

Although you may agree with the ranges described here, you may still wonder with such a wide
percentage range how to determine a definite percentage. To illustrate how simply this is done
we will evaluate each of the six elements and give an example with each.

1. GENERAL ECONOMY

This is simply the state of the nation or area in which your project is to be developed. Things
that should be evaluated under this category are:

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