Page 167 - Facility Piping Systems Handbook for Industrial, Commercial, and Healthcare Facilities

WATER TREATMENT AND PURIFICATION

WATER TREATMENT AND PURIFICATION 4.3

TABLE 4.1 Important Elements, Acid Radicals, and Acids in Water Chemistry

Element Symbol Atomic weight Valence Equivalent weight
Aluminum Al 27.0 3 9.0
Barium Ba 137.4 2 68.70
Calcium Ca 40.1 2 20.05
Carbon C 12.0 Variable —
Chlorine Cl 35.46 Variable 35.46
Fluorine F 19.0 1 19.0
Iron (ferrous) Fe″ 55.8 2 27.9
Iron (ferric) Fe″′ 55.8 3 18.6
Hydrogen H 1.0 1 1.0
Magnesium Mg 24.3 2 12.15
Nitrogen N 14.0 Variable —
Potassium K 39.1 1 39.1
Oxygen O 16.0 2 8.00
Phosphorus P 31.02 Variable —
Sodium Na 23.0 1 23.0
Sulfur S 32.0 Variable —
Silicon Si 28.06 4 7.01
Acid radicals Formula Molecular weight Valence Equivalent weight

Bicarbonate HCO 3 61.0 1 61.0
Carbonate CO 3 60.0 2 30.0
Chloride Cl 35.46 1 35.46
Nitrate NO 3 62.0 1 62.0
Hydroxide OH 17.0 1 17.0
Phosphate PO 4 95.0 3 31.66
Sulfite SO 3 80.0 2 40.0
Sulfate SO 4 96.06 2 48.03
Acid Formula Molecular weight Equivalent weight
Carbonic acid H CO 3 62.0 31.0
2
Hydrochloric acid HC1 36.46 36.46
Phosphoric acid H PO 4 98.0 32.67
3
Sulfuric acid H SO 4 98.1 49.05
2
Sulfurous acid H SO 3 82.1 41.05
2
Miscellaneous compounds Formula Molecular weight Equivalent weight
Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH) 3 78.0 26.0
Calcium bicarbonate Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 162 81.0
Calcium carbonate CaCO 3 100 50.0
Calcium sulfate CaSO 4 136 68.0
Carbon dioxide CO 2 44.0 22.0
Ferric hydroxide Fe(OH) 3 107 35.6
Magnesium carbonate MgCO 3 84.3 42.1
Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH) 2 58.3 29.1
Magnesium sulfate MgSO 4 120 60.1
Sodium sulfate Na SO 4 142 71.0
2

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