Page 219 - Forensic Structural Engineering Handbook

CHAPTER 7

LOADS AND HAZARDS: THEIR

NATURE, MAGNITUDE, AND
CONSEQUENCES

Donald O. Dusenberry, P.E.

INTRODUCTION 7.4
GRAVITY LOADS 7.5
Nature and Consequences of Gravity Loads 7.5
Determination of Gravity Loads 7.5
Dead Loads 7.6
Live Loads 7.6
Snow, Rain, and Ice Loads 7.7
WIND LOADS 7.10
Nature and Consequences of Wind Loads 7.10
Determination of Wind Forces 7.14
Analytical Approaches 7.17
Wind Tunnel Studies 7.19
EARTHQUAKE LOADS 7.20
Nature and Consequences of Earthquake Loads 7.20
Determination of Earthquake Loads 7.26
Earthquake Data 7.26
Analysis Procedures 7.27
FLOOD LOADS 7.28
Nature and Consequences of Flood Loads 7.28
Determination of Flood Loads 7.28
BLAST LOADS 7.29
Nature and Consequences of Blast Loads 7.29
Blast Environment 7.31
Exterior Blasts 7.31
Interior Blasts 7.32
Determination of Blast Loads 7.32
FIRE LOADS 7.34
Nature and Consequences of Fire Loads 7.34
Effects of Fire on Materials 7.34
Thermal Expansion from Fires 7.34
Explosive Overpressures 7.36
Catenary Beam Action 7.36
Stability of Vertical Members 7.37
Increased Gravity Loads 7.37
Determination of Fire Loads 7.37

7.3