Page 264 - Formation Damage during Improved Oil Recovery Fundamentals and Applications

Formation Damage by Inorganic Deposition 235

Figure 5.11 Illustrative schematic of the relationship of barite saturation index and
kinetics. Excepted from Kan and Tomson (2012).

scaling issue even with low injected water percentages in the producing
streams. As an example, Fig. 5.12 shows the amount of scale precipitation
for a typical sea water injection. From the scaling tendency analysis, we
can see that when the sea water amount accounts for less than 5% or
more than 95%, the risk of scaling is relative low; although the sea water
amount ranges from 20% to 80% in the water stream, we can expect high
risk or amount of scaling precipitation.

5.4.1 Water sampling and analysis
The management of scaling issues starts with obtaining representative
samples. It is very important to sample water properly before performing
a water analysis or the analysis result could be misleading. Reservoir fluid
samples are normally reconditioned to the sampling site conditions in
laboratory.
To obtain the knowledge of the nature of brine in the formation of
interest, representative brine samples should be taken with the right tools
and proper guidelines in sampling, sample surfacing, transportation, and
analysis. In practice, there are two ways to take brines samples: downhole