Page 130 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

114 From smart grid to internet of energy

TABLE 3.2 QoS requirement comparison of SG application types

Application type Data rate Latency Reliability Security
Smart metering 10 Kbps Up to 10 s Medium High
Demand response Low 500 ms–1 min High High
Connection and Low 100 ms to a few High High
disconnection minutes
Synchrophasor 100 Kbps 20–200 ms High High
SCADA 10–30 Kbps Up to 200 ms High High
Substation – About 20 ms High High
communication
Video surveillance Several A few seconds High High
Mbps
FLIR 10–30 Kbps 100 ms High High
Power system 2–5 Mbps 25–100 ms High High
optimization
Workforce access 250 Kbps 150 ms High High
Micro grid – 100 ms–1 min High High
management

long latency times may also cause to instability on system performances. On the
other hand, security is another most critical issue for meeting QoS requirements
of SG systems since the SG systems have to cope with physical attacks to pre-
serve privacy of SG systems and communication networks. Some examples for
data traffic and QoS requirements of SG communication networks are listed in
Table 3.2.
One of the most critical data traffic types of SG systems is meter reading that
is required to detect energy consumption of users. Therefore, SMs are employed
to periodically collect energy consumption rates. In addition, the collected data
can be used to predict data traffic requirement of the metering application. Since
the SMs are located on consumer site, the latency of this application is long. For
instance, energy consumption values gathered at quarter hour intervals are
transmitted to utility service provider either each 4 h within the day or each
8 h at night. Frequency of data collection and the number of this reading process
directly specify the size of required bandwidth for metering application. Typ-
ically, data rate requirement of every SM is nearly 10 Kbps while the latency
varies between 2 and 10 s.
Home control devices (e.g., thermostats, load controllers, energy control
panels etc.) can be controlled by the utilities through the DR technologies that