Page 6 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

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Chapter 1

Introduction to smart grid and

internet of energy systems

Chapter outline
1.1 Introduction 1 1.3.1 Smart sensors and
1.2 Overview of smart grid sensor networks 39
evolution 5 1.3.2 Phasor measurement
1.2.1 Architecture of smart grid 8 units 46
1.2.2 Distributed generation 1.3.3 Smart meters 49
and microgrid 23 1.3.4 Wireless sensor
1.2.3 Transmission and networks 51
distribution networks 29 1.4 Evolution of internet of
1.2.4 Energy storage systems 33 energy concept 55
1.2.5 Control, interoperability 1.5 Energy internet as smart
and flexibility 34 grid 2.0 59
1.3 Fundamental components References 59
of smart grids 35

1.1 Introduction

The energy demand is intensively increased since a few decades due to improv-
ing industrial consumption and residential usages. On the contrary, the environ-
mental concerns and regulations are playing pivotal role on energy generation
and consumption policies. The conventional power grid is composed of widely
used large scale power plants, aging transmission lines, traditional substation
management systems, and consumers that have no chance to act in generation
cycle. The traditional power grid either had to be comprehensively rehabilitated
which could cost billions of dollars or would be revised to a new and improved
grid structure that has been enriched by intelligent solutions.
Under these circumstances, the Smart Grid term has been first appeared late
1990s and early 2000s as a concept making the existing power grid smarter.
This improvement was aiming to tackle power quality, reliability, resiliency,
and flexibility problems of power grid against increasing energy demand and
control requirements. The bulk generation should meet this power demand
itself, and aged transmission and distribution systems were expected to handle
this heavy duty while consumers were requesting high quality of service.

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