Page 317 - Fundamentals of Air Pollution 3E

Questions 273

3. Sellers, W. D,, "Physical Climatology." University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1965.
4. Lowry, W., "Weather and Life: An Introduction to Biometeorology." Academic Press,
New York, 1970.
5. Halitsky, ]., Gas diffusion near buildings, in "Meteorology and Atomic Energy—1968"
(D. Slade, ed.), TID-24190. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Oak Ridge, TN, 1968, pp.
221-255,

SUGGESTED READING

Arya, S. P., "Introduction to Micrometeorology," International Geophysics Series, Vol. 42,
Academic Press, Troy, MO, 1988.
Critchfield, H. }., "General Climatology," 4th ed. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983.
Landsberg, H. E., "The Urban Climate." Academic Press, New York, 1981.
Neiburger, M., Edinger, J. G., and Bonner, W. D., "Understanding Our Atmospheric Environ-
ment." Freeman, San Francisco, 1973.
Petterssen, S., "Introduction to Meteorology," 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1969.
Stull, R. B., "An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology." Kluwer Academic Press.
Hingham, MA, 1989.
Wallace, J. M., and Hobbs, P. V., "Atmospheric Science—An Introductory Survey." Academic
Press. Orlando, FL, 1977.
Wanta, R. C, and Lowry, W. P., The meteorological setting for dispersal of air pollutants,
in "Air Pollution," 3rd ed., Vol. I, "Air Pollutants, Their Transformation and Transport"
(A. C. Stern, ed.). Academic Press, New York, 1976.

QUESTIONS

2
1
1. Verify the intensity of the energy flux from the sun in cal cm~ min" reaching the outer
1
27
atmosphere of the earth from the total solar flux of 5.6 x 10 cal min" and the fact that
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2
the earth is 1.5 x 10 km from the sun. (The surface area of a sphere of radius r is fat .)
2. Compare the difference in incoming radiation on a horizontal surface at noon on June
22 with that at noon on December 21 at a point at 23.5°N latitude.
3. What is the zenith angle at 1000 local time on May 21 at a latitude of 36°N?
4. At what local time is sunset on August 21 at 40°S latitude?
5. Show the net heating of the atmosphere, on an annual basis, by determining the difference
between heat entering the atmosphere and heat radiating to the earth's surface and to
space. (See Fig. 17-4.)
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2
1
1
6. If the universal gas constant is 8.31 x 10" mbm^ (g-mole)^ K~ and the gram molecular
weight of dry air is 28.9, what is the mass of a cubic meter of air at a temperature of
293 K and an atmospheric pressure of 996 mb?
7. On a particular day, temperature can be considered to vary linearly with height between
28°C at 100 m aboveground and 26°C at 500 m aboveground. Do you consider the layer
between 100 and 500 m aboveground to be stable or unstable?
8. What is the potential temperature of air having a temperature of 288 K at a pressure of
890 mb?
9. Using Wien's displacement law, determine the mean effective temperature of the earth-
atmosphere system if the resulting longwave radiation peaks at 11 /xm. Contrast the
magnitude of the radiant flux at 11 fim with that at 50 /*m.