Page 389 - Fundamentals of Air Pollution 3E

344 20. Air Pollution Modeling and Prediction

3. What is the steady-state concentration derived from the box model for a 10-km city with
5
]
2
average emissions of 2 x 10~ g m~ s when the mixing height is 500 m and the wind
speed is 4 m s~'?
4. In formulating and applying a gradient transfer model, what are two of the major diffi-
culties?
5. What is the advantage in using trajectory models for estimating air pollutant concentrations
at specific air monitoring stations?
6. What is a major difficulty in estimating the maximum short-term (hours) impact of two
point sources 1 km apart?
7. Using simplified techniques for estimating the concentrations from area sources, what is
the annual average particulate matter concentration for a city with an average wind speed
7
2
1
]
of 3.6 m s" and area emission rate of 8 x 10" g s ~ m" ?
8. What are the major limitations in modeling pollutant transformations in urban areas?
9. From the results of the application of the EURMAP model to Europe, what pollutant and
mechanism seem to cause the least pollution by a nation to itself?
10. Which measure of scatter is likely to be larger, the mean absolute error or the root-mean-
square error?
11. Contrast the fractional error for a measurement of 20 and an estimate of 4 to the fractional
error for a measurement of 4 and an estimate of 20.