Page 230 - Fundamentals of Air Pollution

Questions 193

nents followed by a polyurethene foam sorbent trap to collect the vapor-
phase portion. These samples were returned to the laboratory, where they
were extracted and analyzed with high-resolution gas chromatography and
high-resolution mass spectrornetry. The observed concentrations were in
3
the picogram/m range.
Each of these examples suggest that air toxics sampling is complex and
expensive and requires careful attention to quality assurance.

REFERENCES

1. Pagnotto, L. D., and Keenan, R. G., Sampling and analysis of gases and vapors, in "The
Industrial Environment—Its Evaluation and Control," pp. 167-179. U.S. Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1973.
2. Tanaka, T., /. Chromatogr. 153, 7-13 (1978).
3. Slanina, ]., De Wild, P. J., and Wyers, G. P., Adv. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24,129-154 (1992).
4. Cadle, R. D., "The Measurement of Airborne Particles." Academic Press, New York, 1976.
5. Liu, B. Y. H. (ed.), "Fine Particles." Academic Press, New York, 1976.
6. Palmes, E. D., Gunnison, A. F., DiMatto, J., and Tomczyk, C., Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. ]. 37,
570-577 (1976).
7. West, P. W., Am. Lab. 12, 35-39 (1980).
8. Evans, G. F., Lumpkin, T. A., Smith, D. L., and Somerville, M. C., /. Air Waste Manage.
Assoc. 42, 1319-1323, (1992).
9. Hunt, G. T., and Maisel, B. E., /. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 42, 672-680 (1992).

SUGGESTED READING

Friedlander, S. K., "Smoke, Dust and Haze." Wiley, New York, 1977.
Hering, S. V., "Air Sampling Instruments for Evaluation of Air Contaminants." ACGIH,
Cincinnati, OH, 1989
Noll, K. E., and Miller, T. L., "Air Monitoring Survey Design." Ann Arbor Science Publishers,
Ann Arbor, MI, 1977.
Stanley-Wood, N. G., and Lines, R. W. (eds.), "Particle Size Analysis." Royal Society of
Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 1992.
Willeke, K., and Baron, P. A., "Aerosol Measurement—Principles, Techniques, and Applica-
tions." Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1993

QUESTIONS

1. Describe the four components of a sampling system.
2. List three examples of the four components, e.g., a metal bellows pump.
3. A solid sorbent Tenax cartridge has a capacity of 100 /ig of toluene. If samples were collected
at a rate of 5 liters/min, calculate the maximum ambient concentration which can be
determined by an hourly sample and a 15-min sample.