Page 8 - Fundamentals of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery

Contents vii

7.4 Importance and Capability of Fractional Flow in Radial Flow System 216
7.5 Application of Buckley Leverett Theory and Fractional Flow Concept 221
7.6 Low-Salinity Waterflooding 222
References 227

8. Enhanced Gas Recovery Techniques From Coalbed Methane Reservoirs 233
Alireza Keshavarz, Hamed Akhondzadeh, Mohammad Sayyafzadeh
and Masoumeh Zargar
8.1 Introduction 233
8.2 Coalbed Methane Reservoir Properties 234
8.3 Production Profile in Coals 243
8.4 Gas-Flow Mechanism in Coals 244
8.5 Coalbed Methane Productivity and Recovery Enhancement 253
References 264

9. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in Shale Oil Reservoirs 269
Mohammad Ali Ahmadi
9.1 Introduction 269
9.2 Shale Oil and Oil Shale 272
9.3 EOR Methods in Shale Oil and Gas Reservoirs 273
9.4 Environmental Aspects of Shale Oil and Gas Production 282
References 286

10. Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery: Microbiology and Fundamentals 291
Afshin Tatar
10.1 Introduction 291
10.2 Definition 292
10.3 Recovery Efficiency 294
10.4 History 297
10.5 Microbial Ecology 298
10.6 Microbe Selection for MEOR 412
10.7 Nutrients 413
10.8 MEOR Applying Approaches in Field 414
10.9 MEOR Methods 415
10.10 Produce Biochemicals and Their Role in MEOR 417
10.11 MEOR Mechanisms 431
10.12 MEOR Constraints and Screening Criteria 437
10.13 Field Trials 447
10.14 Enzyme Enhanced Oil Recovery 448
10.15 Genetically-Engineered Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery 466
References 467

Index 509