Page 14 - Fundamentals of Gas Shale Reservoirs

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16.5 Quantitative Interpretation of Imbibition Data, 352
16.5.1 Scaling Imbibition Data, 352
16.5.2 Modeling Imbibition Data, 352
16.6 Estimation of Brine Imbibition at the Field Scale, 354
16.7 Initial Water Saturation in Gas Shales, 356
16.8 Conclusions, 356

17 Gas Shale Challenges over the Asset Life Cycle 361
17.1 Introduction, 361
17.2 The Asset Life Cycle, 361
17.2.1 Exploration Phase Objectives—Recommended Practices, 361
17.2.2 Appraisal Phase Objectives—Recommended Practices, 362
17.2.3 Development Phase Objectives—Recommended Practices, 362
17.2.4 Production Phase Objectives—Recommended Practices, 362
17.2.5 Rejuvenation Phase Objectives—Recommended Practices, 362
17.3 Exploration Phase Discussion, 362
17.3.1 Screening Study—Current Practice, 362
17.3.2 Screening Study Recommended Practices, 363
17.3.3 Reservoir Characterization—Current Practice, 363
17.3.4 Reservoir Characterization—Recommended Practices, 363
17.3.5 Determining Initial Economic Value and Reservoir Potential, 365
17.4 Appraisal Phase Discussion, 365
17.4.1 Drill Appraisal Wells—Current Practice, 365
17.4.2 Drill Appraisal Wells—Recommended Practices, 365
17.4.3 Build Reservoir Models for Simulation—Current Practice, 365
17.4.4 Build Reservoir Models for Simulation—Recommended Practices, 365
17.4.5 Generate a Field Development Plan—Current Practice, 366
17.4.6 Generate a Field Development Plan—Recommended Practices, 366
17.4.7 Validate Economics of the Play or Pilot Project, 366
17.5 Development Phase Discussion, 367
17.5.1 Implement the Field Development Plan, 367
17.5.2 Surface Facilities, 367
17.5.3 Design Wells and Optimize Drilling Costs—Current Practice, 367
17.5.4 Design Wells and Optimize Drilling Costs—Recommended Practice, 368
17.5.5 Refine and Optimize Hydraulic Fracturing and Wellbore Completion
Design—Current Practices (Characterize the Lateral), 369
17.5.6 Current Hydraulic Fracturing Practices, 369
17.5.7 Hydraulic Fracturing—Recommended Practices, 370
17.5.8 Characterize the Lateral, 372
17.5.9 Current Wellbore Completion Practice, 373
17.5.10 Wellbore Completion—Recommended Practices, 373
17.5.11 Drilling Considerations for Completion Methods, 375
17.5.12 Fracturing Considerations for Completion Method, 375
17.6 Production Phase Discussion, 375
17.6.1 Monitor and Optimize Producing Rates—Current Practice, 375
17.6.2 Monitor and Optimize Producing Rates—Recommended Practices, 375
17.6.3 Manage the Water Cycle—Recommended Practices, 376
17.6.4 Preventing Corrosion, Scaling, and Bacterial Contamination in Wells and Facilities, 376
17.6.5 Protecting the Environment, 376
17.7 Rejuvenation Phase Discussion, 376
17.8 Conclusions—Recommended Practices, 377