Page 12 - Fundamentals of Gas Shale Reservoirs

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11.9 Crushed Sample Test, 260
11.9.1 Porosity Measurement, 260
11.9.2 Crushed Sample Pressure Analysis for Permeability Measurement, 261
11.9.3 Crushed Sample Permeability Estimation with Early‐Time Pressure Data, 262
11.9.4 Crushed Sample Permeability Estimation with Late‐Time Pressure Data, 262
11.10 Canister Desorption Test, 262
11.10.1 Permeability Estimation with Early Time Cumulative Desorbed Gas Data, 263
11.10.2 Permeability Estimation with Late‐Time Cumulative Desorbed Gas Data, 264

12 A Review of the Critical Issues Surrounding the Simulation
of transport and Storage in Shale Reservoirs 267
12.1 Introduction, 267
12.2 Microgeometry of Organic‐Rich Shale Reservoirs, 268
12.3 Gas Storage Mechanisms, 269
12.4 Fluid Transport, 270
12.5 Capillary Pressure, Relaxation to Equilibrium State, and Deposition
of Stimulation Water, 273
12.6 Characterization of Fluid Behavior and Equations of State Valid for Nanoporous Media, 274
12.6.1 Viscosity Corrections, 276
12.6.2 Corrections for Interfacial Tension, 277
12.7 Upscaling Heterogeneous Shale‐Gas Reservoirs into Large Homogenized
Simulation Grid Blocks, 277
12.7.1 Upscaling Fine Continuum Model of Shale to Lumped‐Parameter Leaky
Tank Model of Shale, 278
12.7.2 Upscaling Finely Detailed Continuum Model of Shale to Coarse Continuum
Model of Shale, 279
12.8 Final Remarks, 280

13 Performance Analysis of Unconventional Shale Reservoirs 283
13.1 Introduction, 283
13.2 Shale Reservoir Production, 283
13.3 Flow Rate Decline Analysis, 284
13.3.1 Decline Curve Analysis in Unconventional Reservoirs, 285
13.3.2 Flow Rate Transient Analysis (RTA) and its Relation to
Rate Decline Analysis, 286
13.3.3 Field Applications, 287
13.4 Flow Rate and Pressure Transient Analysis in Unconventional Reservoirs, 288
13.4.1 Bilinear Flow Regime in Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing, 288
13.4.2 Linear Flow Analysis for Reservoir Permeability, 289
13.4.3 Field Applications, 290
13.4.4 Type-Curve Matching, 290
13.5 Reservoir Modeling and Simulation, 292
13.5.1 History Matching and Forecasting, 292
13.5.2 Dual-Porosity Single-Phase Modeling, 293
13.5.3 Dual-Porosity Multicomponent Gas Modeling, 294
13.6 Specialty Short-Term Tests, 295
13.6.1 Mini-DST, 295
13.6.2 Mini-Frac Test, 296
13.7 Enhanced Oil Recovery, 297
13.8 Conclusion, 298