Page 332 - Fundamentals of Ocean Renewable Energy Generating Electricity From The Sea

Index 315

Ocean Energy Forum, 23–25 waves on tidal energy, 288–289
Ocean gyres, 142, 142f Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC)
Ocean modelling, 193 closed cycle, 146–148, 148f
bathymetry data, 197 commercial progress, 150, 151f
Blue Kenue, 218–219 environmental impacts, 152
boundary condition data, 197, 198f open cycle, 148
coastline data, 196–197 power plants, benefits of, 152
computational fluid dynamics, 220–221 thermodynamics, 149–150
discretization, 201–202 Odd-even decoupling, 200–201
finite difference method, 202–204 Offshore sand banks, 300–304
finite element method, 204–207 Offshore wind
finite volume method, 207–209 horizontal axis wind turbines
horizontal mesh, 194 aerodynamics, 88–91, 89f,90f,91f
Matlab, 217–218 in Block Island Wind Farm, 86f,
staggered grids, 200–201 87–88
supercomputing, 219–220 components, 87–88
surface fields, 197–198, 199f schematic of, 87–88, 87f
tidal resource characterization, 209, 209f substructure designs, 85–87, 86f
boundary conditions, 211–212 marine spatial planning, 104–106
Orkney (Scotland), 225–232, 233f micro-siting, 242–245
split time, 212 Persian windmills, 83–84, 84f
turbulence closure, 210–211 wind energy at site
time step, 198–200, 200f atmospheric boundary layer, 92–93,
vertical coordinate system, 195 93f
wave resource characterization Block Island Wind Farm, 86f, 97–104,
bias, 216–217 98f,99f, 100f, 102t, 104f
correlation coefficient, 216 capacity factor, 101–104, 102t
dissipation, 214 power output, 101–104
Galway Bay (Ireland), 221–225 temporal distribution, 94–97, 95f,96f
nonlinear wave-wave interactions, wind power capacity, global trend of,
214–215 83–84, 85f
phase-averaged, 213 1D cross-shore wave model, 291
root mean squared error, 216 Open cycle gas turbine (OCGT), 15–16
scatter index, 216 Open cycle OTEC, 148
wind input, 213–214 OpenTidalFarm, 266, 267f
Ocean renewable energy Optimization, 237
long timescale changes, 276–277 dynamic optimization problems,
tidal range, 280–283 238–239
tidal stream, 283–285 HOMER, 264–265
wave, 279–280 interarray
wind, 277–279 combined tidal range and tidal stream
project development, 292–294 phasing, 260, 260f
sediment dynamics and tidal range phasing, 257–259
morphodynamics, 294 tidal stream phasing, 255–257, 258f
offshore sand banks, 300–304 intraarray
tidal symmetry, 295–300 micro-siting, offshore wind, 242–245
temporal variability, 272–276 tidal energy converters, 245–250
tidal energy extraction, 289–291 wave energy converter, 250–254
tidal lagoons, 304–305 iterative gradient techniques, 241–242
wave resource assessment, 291–292 mathematical formulation, 239–241
wave tide interaction, 285 OpenTidalFarm, 266, 267f
tidal currents on wave energy, wind-wave projects, 261–264
286–288 Oscillating hydrofoils, 70–72, 72f