Page 448 - Global Tectonics
P. 448

430   REFERENCES



           Batiza, R., Melson, W.G. & O’Hearn, T. (1988) Simple magma   Bennett, R.A., Davis, J.L. & Wernicke, B.P. (1999) Present-day
             supply geometry inferred beneath a segment of the Mid-Atlan-  pattern of Cordilleran deformation in the western United
             tic Ridge. Nature 335, 428–31.               States. Geology 27, 371–4.
           Batt, G.E. & Braun, J. (1999) The tectonic evolution of the   Bennett, R.A. et al. (2003) Contemporary strain rates in the north-
             Southern Alps, New Zealand: insights from fully ther-  ern Basin and Range province from GPS data. Tectonics 22,
             mally coupled dynamical modelling.  Geophys. J. Int.  136,   1008, doi:10.1029/2001TC1355.
             403–20.                                    Benoit, M.H., Nyblade, A.A. & Pasyanos, M.E. (2006) Crustal
           Batt, G.E. et al. (2004) Cenozoic plate boundary evolution in the   thinning between the Ethiopian and East African plateaus
             South Island of New Zealand: new thermochronological con-  from modeling Rayleigh wave dispersion. Geophys. Res. Lett.
             straints. Tectonics 23, TC4001, doi:10.1029/2003TC001527.  33, L13301, doi:10.1029/2006GL025687.
           Beanland, S. & Clark, M.M. (1994) The Owens Valley fault   Besse, J. & Courtillot, V. (1988) Paleogeographic maps of the
             zone, eastern California, and surface faulting associated   continents bordering the Indian Ocean since the Early Jurassic.
             with the 1872 earthquake.  US Geol. Surv. Bull.  1982,   J. geophys. Res. 93, 11791–808.
             1–29.                                      Besse, J. & Courtillot, V. (1991) Revised and synthetic polar
           Beaumont, C. et al. (1996) The continental collision zone, South   wander paths of the African, Eurasian, North American and
             Island, New Zealand: comparison of geodynamical models   Indian plates and true polar wander since 200 Ma. J. geophys.
             and observations. J. geophys. Res. 101, 3333–59.  Res. 96, 4029–50.
           Beaumont, C. et al. (2001) Himalayan tectonics explained by extru-  Besse, J. & Courtillot, V. (2002) Apparent and true polar wander
             sion of a low-viscosity crustal channel coupled to focused   and the geometry of the geomagnetic field over the past 200

             surface denudation. Nature 414, 738–42.      Ma. J. geophys. Res. 107, B11, doi:10.1029/2000JB000050.
           Beaumont, C. et al. (2004) Crustal channel flows: 1. Numerical   Bevis, M. et al. (1995) Geodetic observations of very rapid conver-

             models with applications to the tectonics of the Himalayan–  gence and back arc extension in the Tonga arc. Nature 374,
             Tibetan orogen.  J. geophys. Res.  109, B06406, doi:10.1029/  249–51.
             2003JB002809.                              Bickle, M.J. (1978) Heat loss from the Earth: a constraint on
           Beavan, J. et al. (1999) Crustal deformation during 1994–98 due to   Archaean tectonics from the relation between geothermal gra-
             oblique continental collision in the central Southern Alps,   dients and the rate of plate production. Earth planet. Sci. Lett.
             New Zealand, and implications for seismic potential of the   40, 301–15.
             Alpine fault. J. geophys. Res. 104, 25233–55.  Bickle, M.J., Nisbet, E.G. & Martin, A. (1994) Archean greenstone
           Bechtel, T.D. et al. (1990) Variations in effective elastic thickness   belts are not oceanic crust. J. Geol. 102, 121–38.
             of the North American lithosphere. Nature 343, 636–8.  Bicknell, J.D. et al. (1988) Tectonics of a fast spreading center – a
           Beck, M.E. Jr (1980) The palaeomagnetic record of plate margin   deep-tow and seabeam survey at EPR 19°30′S. Marine geophys.
             tectonic processes along the western edge of North America.   Res. 9, 25–45.
             J. geophys. Res. 85, 7115–31.              Bierlein, F.P., Gray, D.R. & Foster, D.A. (2002) Metallogenic rela-
           Beck, R.A. et al. (1995) Stratigraphic evidence for an early collision   tionships to tectonic evolution – the Lachlan Orogen, Austra-
             between northwest India and Asia. Nature 373, 55–8.  lia. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 202, 1–13.
           Beck, S.L. & Zandt, G. (2002) The nature of orogenic crust in the   Bignell, R.D., Cronan, D.S. & Tooms, J.S. (1976) Red Sea metal-
             central Andes.  J. geophys. Res.  107, 2230, doi:10.1029/  liferous brine precipitates. In Strong, D.F. (ed.) Metallogeny and
             2000JB000124.                                Plate Tectonics. Geol. Assoc. Can. Spec. Paper 14, pp. 147–79. St.
           Becker, T.W., Hardebeck, J.L. & Anderson, G. (2005) Constraints   John’s, NL.
             on fault slip rates of the southern California plate boundary   Bilham, R. (2004) Earthquakes in India and the Himalaya; tecton-
             from GPS velocity and stress inversions. Geophys. J. Int. 160,   ics, geodesy and history. Ann. Geophys. 47, 839–58.
             634–50.                                    Bilham, R. et al. (1999) Secular and tidal strain across the Main
           Behn, M.D., Lin, J. & Zuber, M.T. (2002) A continuum mechanics   Ethiopian rift. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 2789–92.
             model for normal faulting using a strain–rate softening rheol-  Bilham, R., Gaur, V.K. & Molnar, P. (2001) Himalayan seismic
             ogy: implications for thermal and rheological controls on con-  hazard. Science 293, 1442–4.
             tinental and oceanic rifting.  Earth planet. Sci. Lett.  202,   Bird, R.T. et al. (1998) Plate tectonic reconstructions of the Juan
             725–40.                                      Fernandez microplate: transformation from internal shear to
           Bell, R. & Jefferson, C.W. (1987) An hypothesis for an Austra-  rigid rotation. J. geophys. Res. 103, 7049–67.
             lian–Canadian connection in the Late Proterozoic and the   Birt, C.  et al. (1997) A combined interpretation of the KRISP
             birth of the Pacifi c Ocean. In Proceedings of Pacifi c Rim Congress,   ’94 seismic and gravity data: evidence for a mantle plume
             1987, pp. 39–50. Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,   beneath the East African plateau.  Tectonophysics  278,
             Parkville, Victoria.                         211–42.
           Ben-Avraham, Z. et al. (1981) Continental accretion and orogeny.   Blackman, D.K. et al. (1998) Origin of extensional core complexes:
             From oceanic plateaus to allochthonous terranes. Science 213,   evidence from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at Atlantis Fracture
             47–54.                                       Zone. J. geophys. Res. 103, 21315–33.
           Ben-Avraham, Z., Nur, A. & Jones, D. (1982) The emplacement   Bleeker, W. (2003) The late Archean record: a puzzle in ca. 35
             of ophiolites by collision. J. geophys. Res. 87, 3861–7.  pieces. Lithos 71, 99–134.
   443   444   445   446   447   448   449   450   451   452   453