Page 286 - Glucose Monitoring Devices

CHAPTER

Automated closed-loop

insulin delivery: system 15

components,

performance, and

limitations

2
1
3
Mudassir Rashid, PhD, BEng , Iman Hajizadeh, MSc , Sediqeh Samadi, MSc ,
4
6
5
Mert Sevil, MSc , Nicole Hobbs, BSc , Rachel Brandt, BSc , Ali Cinar, PhD 7
1
Senior Research Associate, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute
2
of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States; Research Assistant and PhD Student, Chemical and
3
Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States; Illinois
Institute of Technology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chicago, IL, United States;
4
Research Assistant and PhD Student, Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology,
5
Chicago, IL, United States; Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Biomedical Engineering,
6
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States; Illinois Institute of Technology,
7
Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, IL, United States; Professor, Chemical and Biological
Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
Introduction
Automated insulin delivery provides an advanced technology for the treatment of
type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Despite rapid advancements in insulin analogs
and delivery mechanisms, achieving optimal glycemic control and maintaining
blood glucose concentrations (BGC) within a safe target range (BGC within
70e180 mg/dL) remains challenging. Moreover, intensive insulin therapy can cause
a higher risk of hypoglycemia (BGC < 70 mg/dL), weight gain, and a greater
burden of chronic disease self-management [1,2]. In particular, physical activity
continues to be a significant impediment to tighter glycemic regulation due to diffi-
cult to detect physiologic and metabolic variations such as increased energy expen-
diture, rapid fluctuations in insulin sensitivity, and possible activation of
counterregulatory hormones [3e6]. Advances in technologies that provide intensive
insulin therapy and improve glycemic control while minimizing hypoglycemia risk
and the burden of disease self-management are needed.
This chapter outlines the components and modules involved in automated insulin
delivery systems for regulating BGC. The remainder of the introduction section de-
scribes the closed-loop automated insulin delivery systems, provides brief descrip-

Glucose Monitoring Devices. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816714-4.00015-6 293
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