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                                WHAT IS LEADERSHIP COMMUNICATIONS?
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                      CHAPTER 1
                      his generals and aides, and while at times he did go too far, Churchill’s breadth
                      of knowledge lent him a greater degree of credibility in military matters.
                          One story among many illustrates Churchill’s insight as well as his will-
                      ingness to ferret out answers. Upon learning that regimental patches (a form
                      of military insignia) were no longer being issued to British troops, Churchill
                      investigated. The Army Office said that it was cooperating with the Board of
                      Trade, which had forbidden the patches as an unnecessary use of cloth. In real-
                      ity, the Board of Trade had no problem with the patches; the Army was mak-
                      ing excuses for its “wildly unpopular decision.” The real issue, as Churchill
                      understood, was not a patch of cloth; it was esprit de corps. British Tommies
                      identified  with  their  regiments;  to  deprive  them  of  this  distinction  would
                      adversely affect morale. The regimental patches returned. 10
                          Unlike lesser leaders, Churchill expected his generals to disagree with
                      him. He did not want yes men; he wanted commanders who could think and
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                      plan for themselves. And this is why he had such fractious relationships with
                      his chiefs of staff. By repeatedly questioning their decision making, Churchill
                      assured himself, and by extension the British people, that their military strate-
                      gies were sound. Mistakes were made, of course, but Cohen believes that
                      Churchill’s hands-on approach, chiefly by virtue of his communications, was
                      the proper course. 12
                      LEADERSHIP OF PRAGMATISM
                      Churchill was a pragmatist. He was elected to Parliament as a member of the
                      Liberal party, and he was a minister in David Lloyd George’s cabinets before
                      and during the First World War. When the fortunes of the Liberals declined, he
                      declared for the Conservatives, his father’s party, and in the late 1920s became
                      chancellor of the exchequer, again something his father had been. His party
                      switch was opportunistic, of course, but it was born of his need to be in the
                      thick of the action, to be of service, to be doing something of value and merit.
                      As a result of his opportunism, he was widely disliked throughout his career
                      by those of his own class as well as by party loyalists. As his biographers point
                      out, it was his service as prime minister that endeared him to the people. Prior
                      to that, all too often he had been regarded more as a busybody, an opportunist,
                      and a self-promoter.
                          Contrary to his image as a tough leader, Churchill was repeatedly
                      kind to his adversaries once he had defeated them. He kept his predeces-
                      sor, Neville Chamberlain, whom he had criticized for his appeasement
                      strategy in dealing with Hitler, in his War Cabinet. In part this was due to
                      the  fact  that  most  Conservatives  favored  Chamberlain  over  Churchill;
                      nonetheless, Churchill was generous to his political enemies after the bat-
                      tle  was  won—something  his  adversaries  were  not  throughout  his  long
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