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Global
Actions: International attention is paid to trends in CO concentrations and how
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international trade is increasing CO concentration.
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Scenarios are generated to understand the long-term impact of CO concentration.
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Plans are generated for individual nations to help arrest CO concentration levels.
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Stakeholders: UN and international organizations, universities, research institutions, and
international NGOs.
National
Actions: National policies and programs to reduce CO levels are developed. This is
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manifested in the form of rules, regulations, research and development, and
financial support.
Stakeholders: National governmental departments and ministries, universities, research
institutions, business and industry associations, and chambers of commerce.
City
Actions: Cities and local governments apply programs developed at the national level to
local issues.
Goals and objectives are reflected in local ordinances, regulations, and so forth.
At the city level, those ordinances are combined with informational campaigns to PART III
inform members of the community.
Stakeholders: Local governmental agencies, business and industry organizations, local
chambers of commerce, financial institutions, NGOs, community groups, and local
universities.
Building
Actions: At this level, “real” action takes place. This is where action is taken on programs
and ordinances from higher levels.
At this level, chosen materials, designs, technology choices, and building usage
all play a part in reducing CO levels.
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Stakeholders: Individuals, clubs, NGOs, and management teams.
Individual
Actions: This level represents the day-to-day use of a building. Individual choices at this
level add up to have an impact—for instance, reducing the amount of electricity
used, minimizing water usage, recycling waste products, and so forth.
These actions can be taken based on regulation by the organization (“Don’t throw
your cans in the trash—recycle them.”) or by an individual’s own volition (“I know I
should recycle this pop can.”).
Stakeholders: Individuals, clubs, NGOs, and management teams.

TABLE 5-1 How the Issue of CO Emissions Is Dealt with at Different Levels of the Pyramid
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