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92 • Green Project Management

Bake 30 to 35 minutes or until toothpicks inserted into centers come out
clean. Cool in pans on wire racks 10 minutes. Remove cakes from pans to
racks; cool completely.
Prepare Creamy White Frosting. Fill and frost cake with frosting.

Frosting PreParation:

1. Combine milk and flour in medium saucepan; cook and stir over low
heat until thickened. Cool.
2. Beat butter in large bowl until creamy. Add powdered sugar; beat
until fluffy. Blend in vanilla. Add flour mixture; beat until thick and
smooth.

As you can see in Figure 6.1, the traditional project “Baking a Cake”
is decomposed into its “recipe,” ingredients, and equipment. We should
think about projects no longer in the traditional sense, but in an expanded
green sensibility. The WBS in Figure 6.2 represents a recipe that includes
this green sensibility. It is not just a matter of substituting organic ingre-
dients to make the project’s product green, but also assessing the project’s
processes, including the aspects of disposal, to ensure that these processes
are also green.
Project managers have traditionally (subconsciously, perhaps) consid-
ered some of the green aspects of a project’s product, because project man-
agers are usually task oriented and focused on preserving scarce project
resources. But now we must also be concerned with the greening of the
project’s processes. Throughout this book, we will be providing tools and
techniques for the project manager to use during the greening of a project.
There are more included in Chapter 14.
Once the WBS is complete, the “real” reason for a complete and thor-
ough WBS becomes evident. This is the basis for planning the rest of the
project. Within the WBS are all of the tasks that have to be performed to
ensure that the project meets or exceeds customer expectations. The next
steps in the project-planning effort are iterative and cumulative. Each task
can now be detailed as to:

• What resources will be required to execute those tasks?
• Who will do the task?
• How much will each task cost?
• How much time will the task require?