Page 5 - Handbook of Thermal Analysis of Construction Materials

xvi Contents

6.0 PROPERTIES OF CEMENT PASTE.............................................. 51
6.1 Setting .................................................................................. 51
6.2 Microstructure ...................................................................... 52
6.3 Bond Formation ................................................................... 53
6.4 Density ................................................................................. 54
6.5 Pore Structure ...................................................................... 54
6.6 Surface Area and Hydraulic Radius ..................................... 54
6.7 Mechanical Properties.......................................................... 55
7.0 PERMEABILITY OF CEMENT PASTE ........................................ 56
8.0 DIMENSIONAL CHANGES........................................................... 57
9.0 MODELS OF HYDRATED CEMENT ........................................... 57
10.0 MATHEMATICAL MODELS ........................................................ 58
11.0 CONCRETE PROPERTIES ............................................................ 60
11.1 Workability .......................................................................... 60
11.2 Setting .................................................................................. 61
11.3 Bleeding and Segregation .................................................... 61
11.4 Mechanical Properties.......................................................... 61
12.0 DURABILITY OF CONCRETE ..................................................... 62
13.0 ALKALI-AGGREGATE EXPANSION .......................................... 63
14.0 FROST ACTION ............................................................................. 63
15.0 SEA WATER ATTACK .................................................................. 64
16.0 CORROSION OF REINFORCEMENT .......................................... 65
17.0 CARBONATION OF CONCRETE ................................................. 65
18.0 DELAYED/SECONDARY ETTRINGITE FORMATION............. 66
REFERENCES ........................................................................................... 67

3 Formation and Hydration of Cement and Cement
Compounds ........................................................................... 71
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 71
2.0 RAW MATERIALS ......................................................................... 73
3.0 CLINKERIZATION......................................................................... 77
4.0 SYNTHESIS OF CEMENT PHASES ............................................. 82
5.0 POLYMORPHISM IN SILICATES ................................................ 87
6.0 HYDRATION .................................................................................. 89
6.1 Calcium Silicates.................................................................. 89
6.2 Calcium Aluminates ............................................................. 99
6.3 Calcium Aluminates Plus Gypsum..................................... 104
7.0 PORTLAND CEMENT ................................................................. 111
8.0 CaO-SiO -Al O -H O AND RELATED SYSTEMS ..................... 118
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9.0 DURABILITY ASPECTS.............................................................. 122
9.1 Aggregates ......................................................................... 122
9.2 Magnesium Oxide .............................................................. 124
9.3 High Temperature Effects .................................................. 126
9.4 Freezing-Thawing Processes.............................................. 127
9.5 Carbonation........................................................................ 131
9.6 Chemical Attack................................................................. 134
9.7 Aged Concrete ................................................................... 135
REFERENCES ......................................................................................... 136