Page 6 - Handbook of Thermal Analysis of Construction Materials

Contents xvii

4 Introduction to Concrete Admixtures............................... 143
1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 143
2.0 ACCELERATORS ......................................................................... 145
2.1 Effect of Calcium Chloride on Calcium Silicates .............. 146
2.2 Effect of Calcium Chloride on Calcium Aluminate ........... 149
2.3 Effect of Calcium Chloride on Cement .............................. 150
2.4 Effect of Calcium Chloride on Concrete............................ 151
2.5 Triethanolamine (TEA)...................................................... 153
2.6 Formates............................................................................. 156
2.7 Other Non-Chloride Accelerators ...................................... 159
3.0 WATER REDUCERS AND RETARDERS .................................. 162
3.1 Introduction ........................................................................ 162
3.2 Retarders ............................................................................ 164
3.3 Water Reducers .................................................................. 167
4.0 SUPERPLASTICIZERS ................................................................ 169
5.0 AIR-ENTRAINING AGENTS....................................................... 173
6.0 MINERAL ADMIXTURES ........................................................... 174
6.1 Fly Ash ............................................................................... 175
6.2 Slag .................................................................................... 176
6.3 Silica Fume ........................................................................ 176
7.0 MISCELLANEOUS ADMIXTURES ............................................ 177
7.1 Expansion Producers.......................................................... 178
7.2 Pigments............................................................................. 178
7.3 Dampproofing and Waterproofing Admixtures ................. 178
7.4 Pumping Aids..................................................................... 178
7.5 Flocculating Admixtures .................................................... 178
7.6 Bacterial, Fungicidal, and Insecticidal Admixtures ........... 179
7.7 Shotcreting Admixtures ..................................................... 179
7.8 Antiwashout Admixtures.................................................... 179
7.9 Corrosion Inhibiting Admixtures ....................................... 179
7.10 Alkali-Aggregate Expansion Reducing Admixtures .......... 180
7.11 Polymer-Modified Mortars/Concrete................................. 180
7.12 Admixtures for Oil Well Cements ..................................... 180
7.13 Antifreezing Admixtures .................................................... 181
REFERENCES ......................................................................................... 182

5 Accelerating Admixtures.................................................... 189
1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 189
2.0 CALCIUM CHLORIDE................................................................. 190
3.0 NON-CHLORIDE ACCELERATORS .......................................... 202
REFERENCES ......................................................................................... 218
6 Retarding and Water Reducing Admixtures ................... 221
1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 221