Page 33 - Geology and Geochemistry of Oil and Gas

SYSTEMS APPROACH IN PETROLEUM GEOLOGY 11
TABLE 1.2
System of types and classes of solutions
Class of solution Type of solution Major premises Examples Note

Given To be
determined
Strict Deductive X, R Y Socrates is a man
All men are mortal
Socrates is mortal
Strict and heuristic Abductive Y, R X Socrates is mortal To the
All men are mortal inference:
Socrates is a man Socrates may
be a dog!

Heuristic Inductive X, Y R Socrates is a man The inference is
Socrates is mortal one of possible
All men are mortal hypotheses

Definitions of syllogism premises: X and Y ¼ categorical (subject and predicate) premises, R ¼ response
premise (conclusion of syllogism).

TABLE 1.3
System of models
Organization of objects Complexity of objects

Simple Complex
Not organized Initial properties Stochastic models
Organized Deterministic models Systems models

these boundaries and to study ‘structural and functional properties of geosystems’
within them.
Proponents of the second direction agree with the substantial-structural reality of
geologic bodies. At the same time, they believe that of major importance, while
separating geologic system from a given objective environment, is the purpose-
assigning activity of a researcher. Namely, depending on the objective of the study,
different geologic systems may be selected from the same objective reality, and the
study of these systems is possible by modeling them.
Proponents of the third direction consider the systems approach as a creating
activity of a researcher cognizing a given geologic reality. This enables one to solve
various theoretical and practical problems and develop models reflecting the real
geologic systems. This development is based on setting the goal when selecting the