Page 125 - Handbook Of Multiphase Flow Assurance

Hydrate of natural gas 121

TABLE 5.4 Methods to dissociate a hydrate plug—cont’d

Nitrogen From upstream Through flowline
Through service line
Through chemical line
From downstream Through flowline
Through service line
Through chemical line
Helium From upstream Through flowline
Through service line
Through chemical line
From downstream Through flowline
Through service line
Through chemical line
Heat Active Exothermic reaction Mix reactive fluids
Sodium stick in well
tubing
Hot medium Annulus for PIP line
Hot water tubing
Hot oil
Electric EH for wet insulation
DEH for PIP
Heat traced pipe in pipe
Welding apparatus
Heating lamp
novel Pressure pulsation From topsides
Microwave Deployed via coiled tubing

Comparative economics of hydrate prevention methods

There are several industry-accepted methods for design of production systems which pre-
vent hydrate formation.
• insulation
• active heating
• chemical
• periodic remediation (onshore vs. offshore)
The relative cost of each method varies with time as new technologies become available.
Insulation method should be valued for either wet insulation or dry insulation.