Page 213 - Handbook of Biomechatronics

210 Georgios A. Bertos and Evangelos G. Papadopoulos

Modeling techniques used in the analysis of WPT systems, with specific
emphasis on the approximations that restrict their applicability, aiming at a
general modeling technique is given in Moorey et al. (2014). Research in
the area of implantable high-power neuroprosthetic devices such as visual
prostheses and BCIs focuses on transcutaneous inductive power links
formed between a pair of printed spiral coils (PSCs), batch-fabricated using
micromachining technology. Optimizing the power efficiency of the wire-
less link is imperative to minimize the size of the external energy source,
heating dissipation in the tissue, and interference with other devices. The
theoreticalfoundationofoptimalpowertransmissionefficiencyinaninductive
link,combinedwithsemiempiricalmodelsresultedintwodesignexamplesat1
and 5MHz, achieving power transmission efficiencies of 41.2% and 85.8%,
respectively, at 10-mm spacing ( Jow and Ghovanloo, 2007). A method of
how to characterize and optimize rectangular coils used in inductive links
for general applications is described in Yong-Xi et al. (2011).

2 STATE OF THE ART
2.1 LUKE Arm
The current state of the art for upper-limb prostheses is a many-DoF pros-
thetic arm named LUKE arm (Fig. 17) which is using myoelectric pattern
recognition and TMR-generated control sites. LUKE arm is the previous
DEKA arm and it was developed under the DARPA projects

Fig. 17 Mobius Bionics LUKE arm (each of the 10 DoFs is shown as a “+”). (Photo courtesy
Mobius Bionics LLC. Used with permission.)