Page 35 - Handbook of Lasers
P. 35
Table 1.1.3— continued
Multi-step Upconversion Excitation Schemes
Upper
Laser laser Codopant
s
ion level ion Upconversion excitation cheme
3+
2
2
Tm 3+ 1 G 4 Yb 3+ 1) F 7/2 fi F 5/2 (Yb )
3
3+
3
2
3+
2
F
2) F 7/2 – F 5/2 (Yb ) Þ H – H (Tm ) ß 3 4
6
5
2
2
3+
3) F 7/2 fi F 5/2 (Yb )
3+
2
3
2
3
H (Tm )
4) F 5/2 F 7/2 (Yb ) Þ F F 2ß 3 4 3+
4
2
3+
2
5) F 7/2 fi F 5/2 (Yb )
1
2
2
3
3+
3+
6) F 5/2 – F 7/2 (Yb ) Þ H – G (Tm )
4
4
Table 1.1.4
Cascade Laser Schemes
fi lasing transition ß nonradiative transition
Laser ion Cascade transitions
3
1
Pr 3+ 3 P fi G fi F 4
0
4
1
3 P fi G fi H 5
3
0
4
4
4
Nd 3+ 4 F 3/2 fi I 13/2 fi I 11/2
5
5
Ho 3+ 5 S fi I fi I 6
5
2
5 S fi I fi I 7
5
5
2
5
5 S fi I fi I 8
5
5
2
6
5
5 S fi I fi I 8
5
2
7
5
5 S fi I I fi I 7
5
5
5 ß
6
2
5 S fi I 5 6 5 8
5
I fi I
5 ß
2
5
5
5 S fi I I fi I fi I 8
5
5
5 ß
7
2
6
5
5 S fi F 5 4 ß 5 5 5 6 5 7
I
I fi I fi I
5 ß
2
5
5 I fi I fi I 8
5
6
7
4
4
Er 3+ 4 S 3/2 fi I 9/2 fi I 11/2
4
4 S 3/2 fi I 9/2 fi I 13/2
4
4
4
4 S 3/2 fi I 11/2 fi I 13/2
4 S 3/2 fi I 13/2 fi I 15/2
4
4
4
4
4 S 3/2 fi I 9/2 ß 4 11/2 fi I 13/2
I
4
4
4 S 3/2 fi I 9/2 ß 4 11/2 fi I 13/2 fi I 15/2
4
I
4 F 9/2 fi I 11/2 fi I 13/2
4
4
4
4 I 11/2 fi I 13/2 fi I 15/2
4
3
Tm 3+ 3 F fi H 5 ß 3 4 3 6
H fi H
4
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