Page 112 - Handbooks of Applied Linguistics Communication Competence Language and Communication Problems Practical Solutions

90 David Matsumoto, Seung Hee Yoo and Jeffrey A. LeRoux

feeling rules, which concern the regulation of the experiential component of
emotion. Gross suggests individuals can regulate their emotions by altering the
antecedents that bring forth emotion (selecting or modifying situations, altering
attention, or changing cognitions) and the behavioural and physiological re-
sponses related to emotion (Gross 1998, 1999a, 1999b, 2002; Gross and John
2003; Gross and Levenson 1993). Cross-cultural studies of these concepts are
necessary to examine possible cultural differences in them as well.

Table 2. Country listing of emotion regulation scores from the ICAPS

Country ICAPS Emotion Standardized Emotion
Regulation score Regulation score
Australia 4.58 –0.21
Austria 4.76 –0.89

Belgium 4.57 –0.16
Botswana 4.43 –0.38
Brazil 4.63 –0.39
Bulgaria 4.76 –0.89
Canada 4.56 –0.10
Chile 4.63 –0.39
China 3.96 –2.23
Costa Rica 4.70 –0.65
Croatia 4.76 –0.89
Denmark 4.93 –1.55
El Salvador 4.70 –0.65
Estonia 3.36 –0.
Finland 4.93 –1.55

France 4.57 –0.16
Germany 4.57 –0.16
Greece 4.47 –0.23
Guatemala 4.70 –0.65
Hong Kong 4.15 –1.48
Hungary 4.76 –0.89
India 4.64 –0.42
Indonesia 3.75 –0.