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xiv   Karlfried Knapp and Gerd Antos


                          course of his or her personal biographical development. This is why the topic
                          areas of applied linguistics are structured here in ever-increasing concentric
                          circles: in line with biographical development, the first circle starts with
                          the communicative competence of the individual and also includes interper-
                          sonal communication as belonging to a person’s private sphere. The second
                          circle proceeds to the everyday environment and includes the professional and
                          public sphere. The third circle extends to the experience of foreign languages
                          and cultures, which at least in officially monolingual societies, is not made by
                          everybody and if so, only later in life. Technical communication as the fourth
                          circle is even more exclusive and restricted to a more special professional clien-
                          tele. The final volume extends this process to focus on more general, supra-in-
                          dividual national and international issues.
                             For almost all of these topics, there already exist introductions, handbooks
                          or other types of survey literature. However, what makes the present volumes
                          unique is their explicit claim to focus on topics in language and communication
                          as areas of everyday problems and their emphasis on pointing out the relevance
                          of applied linguistics in dealing with them.



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