Page 322 - High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Fundamentals, Design and Applications

298 High Tempcwturc. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Fmdumrntuls, Design and Applicutions

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Air - Inflow manifold
Air - Porous material
Fuel - Outflow manifold
Metallic interconnect
PEN Composite
\
la
470,000 computational cells

Fluid cells removed

Figure 2 1.1. Stuckmodelgeometryforcombinedflowandthermulcalculutions.

I7T-Feb-tll
TEMPERATURE
ART31 i KF
KEL v I i
TI .VIE = 930 00c

Full Steck., 130 IS’ Z’rconia Spacer, Te-ripc?raWe Cur1:rolled
Case 2 cnntw noinv at ICVPI oi IC #ii7 of fill
Figure 11.2 Ti~mperatureovcrintrrconnert rninutrsuftersturtup
5
thermal stresses. Knowledge of thermal stress patterns can also provide guidance
for geometry changes that may help to reduce stresses. The dimensioning of the
individual PEN and IC elements is dictated in large part by the thermal stresses
that develop during startup, caused by the thermal gradients within each