Page 41 - Highway Engineering Handbook Building and Rehabilitating the Infrastructure

24 CHAPTER ONE

TABLE 1.8 Major Federal Environmental Legislation and Regulations/Responsible Agencies

Clean Air Act (42 USC §7401 et seq.)/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Noise Control Act, amended 1978 (42 USC §§4901-4918)/U.S. EPA
Clean Water Act, 1972 (33 USC §1251 et seq.)/U.S. EPA, Army Corps of Engineers
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA; 42 USC §300)/U.S. EPA
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 1974, amended 1984 (42 USC §6901 et seq.)/
U.S. EPA
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), 1976 (15 USC §260 et seq.)/U.S. EPA
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), 1980
(42 USC §9601 et seq.)/U.S., EPA
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), 1986 (42 USC §6991 et seq.)/U.S. EPA
Farmland Protection Policy Act, 1981 (73 USC §4201 et seq.)/U.S. Department of Agriculture
Federal Coastal Zone Management Act, 1972 (16 USC §§1451-1464)/U.S. Department of Commerce
Wild and Scenic Rivers Act 1968, (16 USC §§1271-1287)/U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI)
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act 1934 (16 USC §§661-666)/U.S. DOI
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) 1973 (16 USC §£1531-1543)-U.S., DOI, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, DOC, National Marine Fisheries Services (NMFS)
Rivers and Harbors Act, 1899 (33 USC §401, et seq.)/U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE),
USCG
National Historic Preservation Act 1966 (16 USC §470 et seq.)—Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation
Historic Buildings Act of 1935 (16 USC §£461-471)/National Park Service/DOI
The Archaeological and Historical Preservation Act, 1974 (16 USC §469)/DOI
Archaeological Resources Act, 1979 (16 USC §470 et seq.)/DOI
Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990/DOI
Department of Transportation Act, Section 4(f), 1966, (49 USC §303)/DOT
Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965, Section 6(f) (16 USC §§460l-4 through 460l-11)/DOI
American Indian Religious Freedom Act, 1978 (42 USC §1996)
Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Properties Acquisition Act, 1970 (42 USC §4601)

monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. The CAA also
regulates hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) released by chemical plants, dry cleaners, print-
ing plants, and motor vehicles.
States are responsible for meeting CAA objectives by developing state implementation
plans (SIPs). SIPs integrate regulations with other measures designed to meet NAAQS and
associated CAA requirements. Federal agencies must comply with the approved SIP of the
state in which they are operating. Many SIPs include air quality goals that exceed federal
requirements and carry their own set of penalties and fines for noncompliance.
Current provisions of CAA relevant to highway engineering are included in Title I
(Attainment and Maintenance of NAAQS), Title II (Mobile Sources), and Title VII
(Enforcement). Title I addresses air pollution control requirements for “nonattainment
areas,” (i.e., those metropolitan areas in the United States that have failed to meet
NAAQSs.) Ozone is the most widespread pollutant in nonattainment areas. Therefore, the
focus of controls in these areas is on controlling the volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and nitrogen oxides that are precursors to the formation of ozone. Title II regulates tailpipe
emissions from motor vehicles and sets emission limitations for carbon monoxide,