Page 94 - Historical Dictionary of Political Communication in the United States

M

MAGAZINES. See Christianity and Crisis; Christianity Today; National Re-
view; New Republic; Newsweek; Time Magazine; U.S. News.

MASS MEDIA is a term used to describe newspapers, magazines, books, tel-
evision, radio, movies, on-line services, and Internet. They reach large numbers
of people and serve as information gatherers and disseminators in a society.
They also serve as entertainers to varying degrees, which many feel interferes
with their role in informing the public. Yet, the very nature of mass media means
that they will, at least to some extent, be preoccupied with catering to the
masses.

SOURCE: Iain McLean, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics, 1996.
Guido H. Stempel III

MAYNARD, ROBERT C. (1937-1993) was the first African American pub-
lisher of a major metropolitan newspaper, the Tribune of Oakland, California.
The sixth child of immigrants from Barbados, Maynard dropped out of high
school when he was 16. He did freelance writing and became a reporter for the
York (Pennsylvania) Gazette and Daily. His reporting of the Civil Rights move-
ment in the South led to a Nieman Fellowship at Harvard. In 1967 he became
the first black national correspondent at the Washington Post. Five years later
he and Earl Caldwell, a reporter for the New York Times, were named directors
of a summer program at Columbia University. The program, for nonwhite jour-
nalists, guaranteed placement on newspaper or television staffs for graduates.
That year Maynard accepted a part-time position as a senior editor for Encore,
a monthly magazine for African Americans, and was appointed ombudsman for
the Washington Post. In 1977 he founded the Institute for Journalism at Berke-
ley, California. He also established Jobnet to provide a liaison between nonwhite