Page 124 - Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Smart Waterflooding

116 Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery using Smart Waterflooding

(A) Effect of Miscibility (1-ft Berea + Yates Reservoir Brine)
100%
EXPT 7: IMM. CGI - Yates
EXPT 8: IMM. WAG - Yates
80% EXPT 9: MIS. CGI - Yates
EXPT 10: MIS. WAG - Yates
Recovery (% ROIP) 60%

40%

20%

0%
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Total PV (G + W) Injected

(B) Effect of Miscibility (1-ft Berea + Yates Reservoir Brine)
1.2
EXPT 7: IMM. CGI - Yates
EXPT 8: IMM. WAG - Yates
1.0
EXPT 9: MIS. CGI - Yates
TRF (% ROIP / PVI CO 2 ) 0.6
EXPT 10: MIS. WAG - Yates
0.8

0.4

0.2 ∼ 0.75 PVI

0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Total PV (G + W) Injected
FIG. 5.2 The (A) oil recovery and (B) tertiary recovery factor of continuous CO 2 gas injection and CO 2 water-
alternating gas process using Yates Field brine in miscible and immiscible conditions. (Credit: From Kulkarni,
M. M., & Rao, D. N. (2005). Experimental investigation of miscible and immiscible water-alternating-gas (WAG)
process performance. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 48(1), 120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
petrol.2005.05.001.)

of brine. Depending on the salinity of brine, the oil considered as the loss of CO 2 , which is supposed to
recoveries from 81.5% to 98.6% are observed. Similar contact oil. However, the experimental observations of
trends of oil recovery and CO 2 solubility in water this study indicate the positive aspects of CO 2 solubility
depending on the salinity are also observed. Previously, in water on the oil recovery and less CO 2 requirement
the increasing solubility of CO 2 in water has been injected in low salinity condition. It is concluded that